Abstract
BackgroundOrganic agriculture involve plants which are cultivated without using synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers and promotes biodiversity, biological cycles and improve the product quality. The carotenoids, total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity from skins of some wine and table grapes cultivated in organic and conventional agriculture were studied.ResultsThe main carotenoids identified using high performance liquid chromatography were lutein and ß-carotene. Muscat Ottonel variety has the highest ß-carotene concentration 504.9 μg/kg for organic and 593.2 μg/kg for conventional grapes. For the organic farming, the total polyphenols content were in the range of 163.23 – 1341.37 mg GAE/kg fresh weight (FW) and 148.47 – 1231.38 mg GAE/kg FW for the conventional grapes. The highest ORAC values were obtained for blue-black variety Napoca in both farming system (43.5 ± 0.95 μmol TE/g organic; 40.4 ± 0.5 μmol TE/g conventional) and lowest for Aromat de Iaşi (16.8 ± 0.6 μmol TE/g organic; 14.7 ± 1.6 μmol TE/g conventional). Napoca variety showed also the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH method in both cultivated system.ConclusionNine grape varieties cultivated in organic and conventional systems were compared regarding the carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The white grape varieties have a higher carotenoids content compared with the blue-black cultivars while the blue-black varieties contain higher TPC and exhibit higher antioxidant activity (except for Muscat Hamburg-ORAC). Vitis vinifera grape skins originating from wine or table grape varieties can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
Highlights
Organic agriculture involve plants which are cultivated without using synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers and promotes biodiversity, biological cycles and improve the product quality
Carotenoids The High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms for the carotenoids separated from the skin of Muscat Ottonel and Muscat Hamburg grapes are presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2
When organic system was used it can be observed that the highest concentration of lutein was recorded in Fetească regală variety (855 μg/kg) followed at significant difference by Timpuriu de Cluj (799 μg/kg) and Muscat Ottonel (723 μg/kg) varieties, while the lowest concentration was obtained for Aromat de Iaşi (512 μg/kg)
Summary
Organic agriculture involve plants which are cultivated without using synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers and promotes biodiversity, biological cycles and improve the product quality. The carotenoids, total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity from skins of some wine and table grapes cultivated in organic and conventional agriculture were studied. Carotenoids play important roles in human nutrition through their provitamin A activity, Organic agriculture does not use synthetic pesticides and fertilizers [9] just ecological products during the cultivation. Mulero et al [14] studied the phenolic content and the antioxidant activity in Monastrell grapes obtained by organic and conventional agriculture. In eggplant cultivars grown with organic and conventional farming practices there were found no significant trend regarding the phenolic acids content [18]. The aim of this study was to compare the carotenoids, the total polyphenols content and the antioxidant activity from skins of some wine and table grapes cultivated in organic and conventional systems
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