Carotenoids: Sources, Bioavailability and Their Role in Human Nutrition

Abstract

Carotenoids are a group of pigments that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are important dietary components with potential health benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have been linked to the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and age-related degeneration. It provides a global perspective on the role of carotenoids in human nutrition and health, including their sources, bioavailability, metabolism, and physiological effects. Carotenoids are a group of compounds, including beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and others, that differ in their chemical structures and biological activities. They are found in a wide range of foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and animal products, and their bioavailability is influenced by a variety of factors. It explains the challenges and opportunities for increasing carotenoid consumption through dietary interventions and supplementation. However, the efficacy of these interventions depends on a variety of factors, including cultural norms, food availability and consumer preferences. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of carotenoids and their role in human nutrition and health, highlighting the importance of these compounds for disease prevention and management. It also underscores the need for continued research to further understand the mechanisms by which carotenoids exert their health benefits, and to develop effective strategies for increasing their consumption in populations around the world.