Carotenoids from Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) Byproducts Exert Photoprotective, Antioxidative and Microbial Anti-Adhesive Effects on HaCaT.

Sara Gea-Botella,María Concepción Martínez-Madrid,Domingo Saura,Julio Salazar-Bermeo,Nuria Martí,Manuel Valero,Bryan Moreno-Chamba,Laura De La Casa

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13111898

Sara Gea-Botella, María Concepción Martínez-Madrid + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13111898

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Journal: Pharmaceutics	Publication Date: Nov 8, 2021
Citations: 5	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Miguel Hernandez University

Abstract

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) fruits are a remarkable source of carotenoids, which have shown protective effects against UV radiation in bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. The aim of this study was to analyze the photoprotection provided by an acetone extract, rich in carotenoids and obtained from byproducts derived from the persimmon juice industry, against UV-induced cell death in the keratinocyte HaCaT cell line. For this purpose, the cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of carotenoid extract, as well as its intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and anti-adhesive activities towards HaCaT cells, were evaluated. The in vitro permeation test provided information about the permeability of the carotenoid extract. Persimmon extracts, rich in carotenoids (PEC), were absorbed by HaCaT keratinocyte cells, which reduced the UV-induced intracellular ROS production in treated cells. Thus, PEC exerted a photoprotective and regenerative effect on UV-irradiated HaCaT cells, and this protection was UV dose-dependent. No cytotoxic effect was observed in HaCaT cultures at the concentration tested. PEC treatment also stimulated the adhesion capacity of skin microbiome to HaCaT cells, while exhibiting a significant anti-adhesive activity against all tested pathogens. In conclusion, PEC showed potential for use as a functional ingredient in skin-care products.

Highlights

Epithelial tissues, that conform to the skin on all human bodies, are essential for protecting human organisms from exogenous threats, such as physical, chemical, and biological pollutants [1]
UV-B hardly passes beyond the epidermal layer; it does provoke inflammation, associated with local pain, reddening, and hyperthermia, as well as DNA damage; on the other hand, UV-A is involved in photoaging and photocarcinogenesis processes with a high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [10,11]
The aim of this study was to investigate whether these byproduct extracts, high in carotenoids, showed biological activity in HaCaT cell monolayers exposed to UV-A- and UV-B-induced damage, commensal, and pathogen microorganisms from human skin and for in vitro permeation kinetics

Summary

Introduction

Epithelial tissues, that conform to the skin on all human bodies, are essential for protecting human organisms from exogenous threats, such as physical, chemical, and biological pollutants [1]. The outermost layer, composed mainly of keratinocytes, is often the first to be affected by environmental factors, such as solar radiation, oxidants, smoke, or infective microorganisms; constant exposure to external factors may alter skin health functions, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, homeostasis, sensing, and lightdependent production of vitamin D, among others [2,3]. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an important exogenous factor in the pathogenesis of human skin and can lead to the development of a series of skin disorders, including sunburn (erythema and edema), hyperplasia, carcinogenesis, DNA damage, immunosuppression, and photoaging [4,5,6,7,8]. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 1898 atmosphere; UV-C (λ = 100–290 nm) is extremely dangerous and is almost completely absorbed by Earth’s atmosphere [9]. As the concentration of ROS towards deeper layers of dermal stratum increases, the outermost layers of dermis become vulnerable and more sensitive to outdoor stressors [12]

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