Carotenoid triplet states in photosystem II: Coupling with low-energy states of the core complex

Abstract

The photo-excited triplet states of carotenoids, sensitised by triplet–triplet energy transfer from the chlorophyll triplet states, have been investigated in the isolated Photosystem II (PSII) core complex and PSII–LHCII (Light Harvesting Complex II) supercomplex by Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance techniques, using both fluorescence (FDMR) and absorption (ADMR) detection. The absence of Photosystem I allows us to reach the full assignment of the carotenoid triplet states populated in PSII under steady state illumination at low temperature. Five carotenoid triplet (3Car) populations were identified in PSII–LHCII, and four in the PSII core complex. Thus, four 3Car populations are attributed to β-carotene molecules bound to the core complex. All of them show associated fluorescence emission maxima which are relatively red-shifted with respect to the bulk emission of both the PSII–LHCII and the isolated core complexes. In particular the two populations characterised by Zero Field Splitting parameters |D|=0.0370–0.0373cm−1/|E|=0.00373–0.00375cm−1 and |D|=0.0381–0.0385cm−1/|E|=0.00393–0.00389cm−1, are coupled by singlet energy transfer with chlorophylls which have a red-shifted emission peaking at 705nm. This observation supports previous suggestions that pointed towards the presence of long-wavelength chlorophyll spectral forms in the PSII core complex. The fifth 3Car component is observed only in the PSII–LHCII supercomplex and is then assigned to the peripheral light harvesting system.