Abstract
Carotenoids are considered to be important components in mango fruits. However, there is a lack of understanding about the regulation of carotenoids in mango. To gain an insight into the carotenoid metabolism pathway, carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes were investigated in the peel and pulp of mango during fruit development and ripening in three cultivars, ‘Kaituk’, ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′, and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, which are different in color. The highest carotenoid content was observed in ‘Kaituk’, followed by ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4′ and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’, with the major carotenoid being β-carotene. The gene expression analysis found that carotenoid metabolism in mango fruit was primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. The changing patterns of carotenoid biosynthetic gene expression (MiPSY, MiPDS, MiZDS, MiCRTISO, MiLCYb, MiLCYe, MiHYb, and MiZEP) were similar to carotenoid accumulation, and ‘Kaituk’ exhibited a higher expression level than the other two cultivars. In addition, the differential regulation of carotenoid catabolic genes was found to be a mechanism responsible for variability in carotenoid content among the three mango cultivars. The expression of carotenoid catabolic genes (MiCCD1, MiNCED2, and MiNCED3) more rapidly decreased in ‘Kaituk’, resulting in a larger amount of carotenoids in ‘Kaituk’ than the other two cultivars.
Highlights
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the world’s most famous tropical fruits because of its tasty and attractive color
The highest transcript level of those genes was detected in ‘Kaituk’ during fruit development and ripening, followed by ‘Nam Dok Mai No.4’ and ‘Nam Dok Mai Sithong’ in both peel and pulp. These results indicated that the variations in carotenoid content in developmental stages and mango cultivars might be attributed to the expression of MiPSY, MiZDS, MiLCYb, and MiZEP in peel and MiZDS, and MiLCYb in pulp
Carotenoid profiles, the transcriptional regulation of carotenogenic genes and some relevant changes associated with carotenoid regulation were investigated in peel and pulp during mango fruit development and ripening among three cultivars
Summary
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the world’s most famous tropical fruits because of its tasty and attractive color. The mango color is a major fruit quality factor influencing consumer satisfaction and determining the appropriate maturity for harvest. The pigmentation of mango is mainly determined by carotenoid content and compositions, which contribute to many shades of yellow color fruits [1]. It has been well documented that mango is a rich source of dietary carotenoids for humans. Carotenoids provide many benefits to human health because of their antioxidant properties. The consumption of carotenoids enhances the immune system and is associated with lowered risk factors of some cancers and heart disease [2]
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