Abstract
Infectious stomatitis represents the most common oral cavity ailments. Current therapy is insufficiently effective because of the short residence time of topical liquid or semisolid medical formulations. An innovative application form based on bioadhesive polymers featuring prolonged residence time on the oral mucosa may be a solution to this challenge. This formulation consists of a mucoadhesive oral film with incorporated nanocomposite biomaterial that is able to release the drug directly at the target area. This study describes the unique approach of preparing mucoadhesive oral films from carmellose with incorporating a nanotechnologically modified clay mineral intercalated with chlorhexidine. The multivariate data analysis was employed to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process variables on the properties of the medical preparation. This evaluation was complemented by testing the antimicrobial and antimycotic activity of prepared films with the aim of finding the most suitable composition for clinical application. Generally, the best results were obtained with sample containing 20 mg of chlorhexidine diacetate carried by vermiculite, with carmellose in the form of nonwoven textile in its structure. In addition to its promising physicomechanical, chemical, and mucoadhesive properties, the formulation inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus and Candida; the effect was prolonged for tens of hours.
Highlights
The oral microflora is a very specific component of the human organism
The most common ailment affecting the oral cavity is infectious stomatitis, which is caused by factors including inadequate oral hygiene, longterm use of antibiotics, smoking, presence of dental prostheses, and immunodeficiency or systemic disease (e.g., HIV, diabetes mellitus, and oncological illnesses), which allow the overgrowth of microorganisms and subsequent outbreak of inflammation in the oral cavity
Treatment of Mg2+Ver with CA and/or CG at concentrations of 0.5 × cation exchange capacity (CEC) led to intercalation, which expanded the space between the layers and resulted in the appearance of a new reflection, designated on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns as d = 2.197 nm (Mg2+Ver CA) and d = 2.157 nm (Mg2+Ver CG)
Summary
The oral microflora is a very specific component of the human organism. It consists of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms whose representation depends on several factors (e.g., age, composition of food, medication, lesions in the oral cavity, systemic diseases, or infections) [1, 2]. Clinical manifestations during infectious stomatitis can be very annoying for the patient and can include pain, burning in the mouth, increased salivation, taste disturbances, and reduced food intake. The treatment of these ailments is usually based on the local application of various mucosal antiseptics in the form of rinses (e.g., chlorhexidine, cetylpyridinium, and triclosan) [3, 4] or systemic therapy (antibiotics and antimycotics) after the clinical status deteriorates [5,6,7]
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