Carlaviral load distribution in hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.)

Abstract

Knowledge of viral load distribution in a plant is important both for virological research on the whole and for the production of virus-free planting material in particular. At the same time, development of preventive measures for plant virus diseases is no less important. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the viral load distribution of carlaviruses in hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.), as well as to test effective measures to stimulate the growth and development and prevention of the spread of hop viruses. In this study, virological, cytological, botanical and ecological methods were applied. This paper reports on the research results of viral load distribution of carlaviruses in hop plants as well as efficiency of clinorotation, biocomposition Bioecofunge-1, and cerium dioxide nanoparticles use in hop growing. It was found that during the growing season, the largest accumulation of carlaviruses was observed in leaves and young shoots at the top of the stem (at a distance of 150–200 cm from the ground), while in winter, the largest accumulation of carlaviruses was observed in the buds of the etiolated underground shoots. In this study also found that the effective measure to stimulate the growth and development of hop plants, as well as the prevention of the spread of hop carlaviruses was the combined use of biocomposition Bioecofunge-1 and cerium dioxide nanoparticles, which led to a 32% increase in the root system. We also found that the clinorotation promotes healing and stimulates the growth and development of hops. At the same time, it should be noted that in this study was only identified to the genus of both hop carlaviruses and hop ilaviruses and that these viruses formed mixed infections, should therefore be conducted further research in conditions of mono-infections.