Abstract
BackgroundUse of Carica papaya leaf extracts, reported to improve thrombocyte counts in dengue patients, demands further analysis on the underlying mechanism of its thrombopoietic cytokines inductionMethodsIn vitro cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were treated with unripe papaya pulp juice (UPJ) to evaluate its potential to induce thrombopoietic cytokines (IL-6 and SCF)ResultsIn vitro scratch gap closure was significantly faster (p < .05) in SHED culture treated with UPJ. IL-6 concentration was significantly increased (p < .05) in SHED and PBL culture supernatant when treated with UPJ. SCF synthesis in SHED culture was also significantly increased (p < .05) when treated with UPJConclusionIn vitro upregulated synthesis of IL −6 and SCF both in PBL and SHED reveals the potential mechanism of unripe papaya to induce thrombopoietic cytokines synthesis in cells of hematopoietic and mesenchymal origin.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0749-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Use of Carica papaya leaf extracts, reported to improve thrombocyte counts in dengue patients, demands further analysis on the underlying mechanism of its thrombopoietic cytokines induction
This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures involving human subjects/patients were approved by two different Ethics committee: human deciduous dental pulp stem cells (SHED) were used with the ethical approval granted by the Faculty of Dentistry Medical Ethics Committee, University Malaya (DF CO1107/0066(L)) and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) were used with the ethical approval granted by the IIUM Research Ethics Committee (ID: IREC 17).Verbal consent was obtained from the PBL donors in the presence of the certified individual designated for phlebotomy and venipuncture
Gap closure in stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) scratch assay is enhanced by unripe papaya pulp juice (UPJ) The width and surface area of the gap was obtained from the scratch assay to determine the effect of UPJ on SHED proliferation
Summary
Use of Carica papaya leaf extracts, reported to improve thrombocyte counts in dengue patients, demands further analysis on the underlying mechanism of its thrombopoietic cytokines induction. In relation to treat dengue, C. papaya leaf extract was found to improve thrombocyte counts both in human [1] and murine animal model [2, 9]. One possible mechanism might be attributed to the potential of papain to induce thrombocytic cytokines such as IL-6. Purified papain was earlier reported to induce IL-6 secretion in dose dependent manner in modified mixed human lymphocyte culture [11].
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