Abstract

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. CARSEA, Caribbean Sea Ecosystem Assessment (CARSEA): A sub-global Component of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), ed. J. Agard, A. Cropper, and K. Garcia (Trinidad and Tobago, Caribbean Marine Studies, Special Edition, 2007). 2. UNEP, Caribbean Environment Outlook (Nairobi: UNEP, 1999). 3. N. Myers et al., “Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities,” Nature 403 (2000): 853–858. 4. L. Briguglio, “Small Island Developing States and Their Economic Vulnerabilities,” World Development 23 (1995): 1615–1632. 5. L. Nurse et al., “Small Island States. In Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability,” in Third Assessment Report of the IPCC: Working Group II, ed. J. McCarthy et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 842–975. 6. R. Pulwarty and N. Hutchinson, Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment: A Guidance Manual (Caribbean Community Climate Change Center 2009). 7. C. Benson, “Macro-Economic Concepts of Vulnerability: Dynamics, Complexity and Public Policy,” in Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People, ed. G. Bankoff, G. Frerkes, and T. Hilhorst (London, UK: Earthscan, 1994), 159–173. 8. CDERA, “Caribbean Disaster Emergency Response Agency Report,” 2005, http://www.cdema.org (accessed 16 August 2010). 9. UNEP, Caribbean Environment Outlook (Nairobi: UNEP, 2006). 10. ECLAC, Economic Survey of Latin American and the Caribbean (Santiago, Chile: UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 2009). 11. G. Baldacchino and G. Bertram, “The Beak of the Finch: Insights Into the Economic Development of Small Economies,” The Round Table 98 (2007): 141–160. 12. A. Oberst and J. McElroy, “Contrasting Socio-Economic and demographic Profiles of Two, Small Island, Economic Species: MIRAB Versus PROFIT/SITE,” Island Studies 2 (2007): 163–176. 13. W. M. Gray, C. W. Landsea, P. Mielke, Jr., and K. Berry, “Predicting Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity by 1 August,” Weather Forecasting 8 (1993): 73–86. 14. A. Giannini, Y. Kushnir, and M. Cane, “Interannual Variability of Caribbean Rainfall, ENSO and the Atlantic Ocean,” Journal of Climate 13 (2000): 297–311. 15. A. Chen and M. Taylor, “Investigating the Link Between Early Season Caribbean Rainfall and the El Niño1 Year,” International Journal of Climatology 22 (2002): 87–106. 16. J. Charlery, L. Nurse, and K. Whitehall, “Exploring the Relationship Between the North Atlantic Oscillation and Rainfall Patterns in Barbados,” International Journal of Climatology 26 (2006): 819–827. 17. S. Goldenberg, C. Landsea, A. Mesta-Nunez, and W. Gray, “The Recent Increase in Atlantic Hurricane Activity: Causes and Implications,” Science 293 (2001): 474–479. 18. H. Diaz and R. Pulwarty, Hurricanes: Climate and Socioeconomic Impacts (Heidelberg: Springer, 1997), 397. 19. R. Pielke, Jr., et al., “Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America and the Caribbean: Normalized Damage and Loss Potentials,” Natural Hazards Review 4 (2003): 101–114. 20. J. Neelin, M. Munnich, J. Meyerson, and C. Holloway, “Tropical Drying Trends in Global Warming Models and Observations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006): 6110–6115. 21. L. Hamilton and S. Snedaker, eds., Handbook for Mangrove Area Management (Paris: UNEP/East-West Centre Environment and Policy Institute, UNESCO, 1984). 22. K. Emanuel, “Increasing Destructiveness of Tropical Cyclones Over the Past 30 Years,” Nature 436 (2005): 686–688. 23. N. Mimura et al., “Small Islands,” IPCC Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (2007): 687–716. 24. T. Knutson and R. Tuleya, “Impact of CO2-Induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation: Sensitivity to the Choice of Climate Model and Convective Parameterization,” Journal of Climate 17 (2007): 3477–3495. 25. M. Mann and K. Emanuel, “Atlantic Hurricane Trends Linked to Climate Change,” EOS 87 (2006): 233–244. 26. T. Pfeffer, J. Harper, and S. O'Neel, “Kinematic Constraints on glacier Contributions to 21st-Century Sea-Level Rise,” Science, 321 (2008): 5894. 27. CPACC, Final Report of the Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Climate Change (CPACC) Project, April 1997–December 2001 (Washington, DC–Barbados: Organization of American States and the CPACC Regional Project Implementation Unit, August 2002). 28. R. Feely et al., “Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive “Acidified” Water Onto the Continental Shelf,” Science 320 (2008):1490–1492. 29. J. Kleypas et al., “Geochemical Consequences of Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide in Coral Reefs,” Science 284 (1999): 118–120. 30. C. Wilkinson and D. Souter, Status of Caribbean Coral Reefs in the Caribbean after Bleaching and Hurricanes in 2005 (Townsville, Australia: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and Reef and Rainforest Research Centre, 2008), 152. 31. CEHI, Integrated Water and Coastal Area Management (IWCAM) in Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean Caribbean—Synthesis (St. Lucia: CEHI/CARICOM, 2001), 17. 32. R. Cant, “Water Supply and Sewerage in a Small Island Environment: The Bahamian Experience,” in Small Islands: Marine Science and Sustainable Development, ed. G. Maul (Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 1996) 385–419. 33. D. Farrell, L. Moseley, and L. Nurse, “Managing Water Resources in the Face of Climate Change: A Caribbean Perspective” (Proceedings of the 8th Annual Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies (SALISES) Conference, UWI, St. Augustine, Trinidad, March 26–28, 2007). 34. R. Pulwarty, J. Eischeid, and H. Pulwarty, “ENSO Impacts on Agricultural Yields and on the Sugar Industry in the Caribbean: Developing a Prototype for Applications” (Proceedings of the West Indies Sugar Technologists Conference Port of Spain Trinidad, available on CD, May 2001), 30. 35. STATIN, Statistical Institute of Jamaica Annual Report (Kingston: Government of Jamaica, 2000) 36. FAO, Small Island Developing States Agricultural Production and Trade, Preferences and Policy (Rome: FAO Commodity and Trade Technical Paper no. 7, 2004). 37. L. Fanning, R. Mahon, and P. McConney, “Focusing on Living Marine Resource Governance: The Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem and Adjacent Area Project,” Coastal Management, 37 (2009): 219–234. 38. L. Burke and J. Maidens, Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean (Washington, DC World Resources Institute, 2004), 60. 39. J. Waddell and A. Clarke, eds., The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008 (Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Tech. Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73, 2008), 569. 40. T. Hughes et al., “Algal Blooms on Coral Reefs: What Are the Causes?,” Limnology and Oceanography 44 (1999): 1583–1586. 41. E. LaBoy-Nieves et al., “Mass Mortality of Tropical Marines Communities in Morrocoy, Venezuela,” Bulletin of Marine Science 68 (2001): 163–179. 42. C. Mora, “A Clear Human Footprint on Coral Reefs in the Caribbean,” Proceedings of the Royal Society 275 (2008): 767–773. 43. H. Oxenford et al., “Quantitative Observations of a Mass Coral Bleaching Event in Barbados,” Climatic Change 87 (2007): 435–449. 44. O. Hoegh-Guldberg, “Climate Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World's Coral Reefs,” Marine and Freshwater Research 50 (1999): 839–866. 45. S. Donner, T. Knutson, and M. Oppenheimer, “Model-Based Assessment of the Role of Human-Induced Climate Change in the 2005 Caribbean Coral Bleaching Event,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (2007): 5483–5488. 46. H. Cesar, L. Burke, and L. Pet-Soede, The Economics of worldwide coral reef Degradation (Arnhem, Netherlands: World Wildlife Fund and ICRAN, 2003), 23. 47. J. McElroy and K, de Albuquerque, “Tourism Penetration Index in Small Caribbean States,” Annals of Tourism Research, 25 (1998): 145–168. 48. F. Gable, “Climate Change Impacts on Caribbean Coastal Areas and Tourism,” Journal of Coastal Research, 27 (1997): 49–70. 49. WTTC, The Caribbean: The Impact of Travel and Tourism on Jobs and the Economy (London, UK: World Travel and Tourism Council, 2004), 92. http://www.wttc.org/bin/pdf/original_pdf_file/caribbean2004.pdf 50. J. Reilly, N. Hohmann, and S. Kane, “Climate Change and Agricultural Trade: Who Benefits, Who Loses?,” Global Environmental Change 4 (1004): 24–36. 51. T. Crowards, Comparative Vulnerability to Natural Disasters in the Caribbean. (Barbados: Caribbean Development Bank, 1999). 52. J. Vermeiren, “Risk Transfer and Finance Experience in the Caribbean,” in Managing Disaster Risk in Emerging Economies, ed. A. Kreimer and M. Arnold (Washington DC: World Bank, 2000). 166–174 53. A. Hylton, Keynote Address: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade, Jamaica (Trinidad and Tobago: 2nd British Caribbean Business Forum, 2007). 54. World Bank, Assessment of the Economic Impact of Climate Change on CARICOM Countries (Washington, DC: July 2002). 55. R. Bueno, C. Herzfeld, E. Stanton, and F. Ackerman, The Caribbean and Climate Change: Costs of Inaction. (Medford, Massachusetts USA: Stockholm Environment Institute and Global Development and Environment Institute, Tufts University, 2008), 35. http:/www.gdae.org/CaribbeanClimate.html. 56. M. Attz, Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Tourism in the Caribbean (PhD Dissertation, University of the West Indies, Barbados, 2004). 57. A. Cashman, L. Nurse, and J. Charlery, “Climate Change in the Caribbean: The Water Management Implications,” Journal of Environment and Development 19 (2009): 42–67. 58. USAID, Tropical Forests and Biodiversity Assessment (FAA 118/119, 2008), 223. 59. CARICOM, Climate Change and the Caribbean: A Regional Framework for Achieving Development Resilient to Climate Change (Georgetown, Guyana: CARICOM Secretariat, 2009), 30. 60. V. Rivera-Montroy et al, “A Conceptual Framework to Develop Long-Term Ecological Research and Management Objectives in the Wider Caribbean Region,” BioScience 54 (2004): 843–856. 61. B. Boruff and S. Cutter, “The Environmental Vulnerability of Caribbean Island Nations,” Geographical Review 97 (2007): 932–942. 62. K. Leslie, Caribbean Community Climate Change Center-Annual Report 2010 (Belmopan, Belize: CCCCC, 2010), 26. 63. PCPR, The Climate Investment Funds Pilot Program for Climate Resilience www.climateinvestmentfunds.org (accessed August 16, 2010). 64. N. Adger, I. Lorenzoni, and K. O'Brien, Adapting to Climate Change (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 514. 65. G. F. White, “When May a Post-Audit Teach Lessons?,” in The Flood Control Challenge: Past, Present, and Future, ed. H. Rosen and M. Reuss (Chicago: Chicago Public Works Historical Society, 1988), 53–63.

Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call