Abstract
Carex muskingumensis is a highly valued perennial ornamental grass cultivated worldwide. However, there is limited genetic data regarding this species. Selection of proper reference genes (RGs) for reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data normalization has become an essential step in gene expression analysis. In this study, we aimed to examine expression stability of nine candidate RGs in C. muskingumensis plants, subjected to osmotic stress, generated either by salinity or PEG treatment. The identification of genes exhibiting high expression stability was performed by four algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and deltaCt method). The results showed that the combination of two genes would be sufficient for reliable expression data normalization. ADP (ADP-ribosylation factor) and TBP (TATA-box-binding protein) were identified as the most stably expressed under salinity treatment, while eIF4A (eukaryotic initiation factor 4A) and TBP were found to show the highest stability under PEG-induced drought. A set of three genes (ADP, eIF4A and TBP) displayed the highest expression stability across all experimental samples tested in this study. To our best knowledge, this is the first report regarding RGs selection in C. muskingumensis. It will provide valuable starting point information for conducting further analyses in this and related species concerning their responses to water shortage and salinity stress.
Highlights
Carex L. is the largest and the most widespread genus in the Cyperaceae family [1]
The influence of specific treatments on candidate reference genes (RGs) expression has been well-presented in studies testing various stressing factors [16,17,18,32]
Since using unstable RGs may lead to erroneous results and incorrect conclusions, appropriate reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) data normalization has become necessity [13,22,33]
Summary
Carex L. is the largest and the most widespread genus in the Cyperaceae family [1]. Carex muskingumensisSchwein., known as Muskingum sedge or Palm sedge, is a highly valued perennial ornamental grass cultivated worldwide. Carex L. is the largest and the most widespread genus in the Cyperaceae family [1]. Schwein., known as Muskingum sedge or Palm sedge, is a highly valued perennial ornamental grass cultivated worldwide. It is used as a ground cover or planted in flowerbeds or containers. As well as soil salinization are currently becoming increasingly a problem in various regions of the world. Both drought and high salinity disrupt osmotic balance in plant cells and in consequence limit plant growth and development [3,4]. In order to better understand plants tolerance adaptation mechanisms, many studies have focused on monitoring changes in genes expression under PEG-induced drought [5,6,7] or salinity treatments [8,9,10]
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