Career motivation and satisfaction of dental hygiene students in associate versus bachelor degree programs: A national survey

Abstract

Entry-level dental hygiene programs give associate (AD) and bachelor degrees (BD). The objectives were to compare how AD versus BD students differ in career-related role models and information sources, career motivations, and satisfaction and to explore the relationships between career motivations and satisfaction. Two hundred seventy-one students in AD and 269 students in BD programs responded to a survey. AD students were older than BD students (26.71/23.6; p<0.001). Both groups were most likely to name a nurse/dental hygienist (37.6%/37.3%) as role models in their families, were likely to have shadowed a dental hygienist (77.6%/75.0%), and had talked to a health professional (27.7%/23.7%) prior to program application. BD students decided earlier to become dental hygienists (17.20/19.97 years; p<0.001) and were less likely to have been dental assistants before than AD students (28.3%/36.9%; p=0.034). Both groups agreed strongly that they wanted to become dental hygienists to help patients (5-point scale with 5=agree strongly: 4.88/4.86), make a difference in the life of patients (4.88/4.86) and because it is a flexible career (4.83/4.80). Open-ended responses showed that 62.4% of AD students compared to 35.3% of BD students choose their career because of lifestyle considerations (p<0.001), while 47.2% of BD students versus 38.0% of AD students wanted to work in the healthcare field (p<0.001). Both groups had high job satisfaction (3-point scale: 2.94/2.97). For AD students, job satisfaction correlated with wanting to help patients (r=0.49; p<0.01) and with making a difference in the life of patients (r=0.52; p<0.001). For BD students, wanting to work in a team (r=0.34; p<0.001) and having a dentist in the family (r=0.32; p<0.001) correlated with job satisfaction. Dental hygiene students in AD versus BD programs differ in the factors that are associated with job satisfaction. Dental hygiene educators can utilize these findings when recruiting future students. The findings related to motivational determinants of job satisfaction can guide educational efforts.