Abstract

Background: Migrant workers are exposed to vulnerable health risks related to occupational safety, infection and personal health risk behaviours. These vulnerabilities, together with low capacity to pay medical care, and poor access to healthcare, can result in unsatisfactory health outcomes. This objective of the study was to determine the pattern of morbidity and the care seeking behaviour of Bangladeshi migrant workers in Sarawak.
 Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among Bangladeshi migrant workers in selected districts in Sarawak, Malaysia. A total of 314 Bangladeshi workers were interviewed by face to face using a pre-designed and validated questionnaire. Simple descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 22.0. However, to supplement the quantitative findings, field notes were also analysed.
 Results: The mean (SD) age of the respondents was 35.9 (7.3) years. Most of the workers were engaged in manufacturing job (43%) followed by construction (32.2%) and a variety of job according to the employers' desire (22.9%). The median monthly salary of the workers was MYR 923 with median duration works was 10 years. One-fourth of the workers (25.5%) had no health insurance, while another one tenth of workers were unaware of health insurance. It was found that 20% had medial ailments in the last two weeks, while 45.2% had physical complaints in the last one month. The most frequent complaints were fever (48.4%) followed by injuries (11.3%) in the last two weeks. About three fifths (57.4% in last two weeks and 60.6% in last one month) visited private health hospitals or clinics for their treatment. Only a few workers visited public hospitals or clinics for their ailments. One-fifth of the workers were self-medicated. While another one tenth of workers visited traditional healer for their ailments. Qualitative analysis revealed a high cost and no scope of bargain as factors which discourage them to take treatment from public hospitals or clinics. The majority of migrant workers in this study sought healthcare when they fell ill.
 Conclusion: However, knowledge about health-related insurance was poor and low wage might be significant issues in accessing health care services. The study concluded that workers’ friendly health policy could be instituted for the welfare of the foreign workers’ despite of their awareness of local health services.
 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 47-53

Highlights

  • The international migrant worker plays a vital role in many countries as a result of economic globalisation

  • This was a cross sectional quantitative descriptive study to explore the pattern of morbidity and care seeking behaviour among the Bangladeshi workers in Sarawak, Malaysia

  • This study tried to assess the pattern of morbidity among the Bangladeshi migrant workers in Sarawak, as there are limited studies on the migrant workers in Sarawak

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Summary

Introduction

The international migrant worker plays a vital role in many countries as a result of economic globalisation. The International Organisation of Migration (IOM) estimates that 232 million people a year become international migrants and another 740 million move within their own countries.[1] Asia Pacific region has the largest flow of migrants with estimate of about 30 million migrant workers.[2] In Malaysia, the total numbers of international migrant increased from 1,014,156 to 2,469,173 in 1990 and 2013 respectively.[3]. The female migrants in Malaysia work predominantly in the electronics industry and as domestic workers. Migrant workers are exposed to vulnerable health risks related to occupational safety, infection and personal health risk behaviours. These vulnerabilities, together with low capacity to pay medical care, and poor access to healthcare, can result in unsatisfactory health outcomes

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