Abstract
Background The use of health services by the adult population is related to cardiovascular risk and its stratification. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) stratification should be a tool for the assessment of the patients and the appropriate control during the process of medical care and utilization of health services for the adults. Objective Evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk (CVR) in adults and the utilization of health services. Material and Methods A secondary analysis was performed of the data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2018-2019. The CVR classification (risk score) was obtained in 43,070 adults with a previous diagnosis (self-report) and 1,237 adults newly diagnosed. Independent, risk factors and the association between groups of CVR and utilization of preventive, outpatient and hospital services were analyzed. Results More than 85% of adults interviewed have some degree of CVR. Almost half of them have low CVR (48.2%). Older adults with social security predominate in the group with high and very high CVR. Seventy-five percent of adults recently diagnosed have low CVR. In both, there is very little utilization of health services. For adults previously diagnosed CVR, the higher the CVR, the greater the likelihood of utilization of outpatient, preventive and hospital services, in contrast to adults without CVR independent of the marital status, sex, health institution and socioeconomic level. Conclusion The results give evidence of areas of opportunity for improvement in the quality of health services. The evaluation of CVR in primary care and promotion and prevention of CVR should be strengthened.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality, and by 2030 will contribute to one quarter of deaths globally [1] [2]
It has been recognized that detection and control of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in adults due to hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as other factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking, among others, are important strategies whose evaluation accompanies decision making in the individual handling, treatment and prevention of CVD [5] [6] [7] [8]
Analysis of the association between CVR and health service utilization indicates the common practice and the perception the population has regarding the risk of the disease, given the presence of certain modifiable and non-modifiable factors that have been emphatically mentioned in the various strategies of primary prevention, implemented to reduce both CVR and cardiovascular disease [35]
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of mortality, and by 2030 will contribute to one quarter of deaths globally [1] [2]. It has been recognized that detection and control of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in adults due to hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as other factors such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking, among others, are important strategies whose evaluation accompanies decision making in the individual handling, treatment and prevention of CVD [5] [6] [7] [8]. A useful, appropriate stratification of CVR incorporates the unmodifiable cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) such as age (relevant predictor) and the modifiable ones such as hypertension, which is strongly associated with CVD, diabetes or dyslipidemia; behavioral (smoking) or other biomarkers. Cardiovascular risk (CVR) stratification should be a tool for the assessment of the patients and the appropriate control during the process of medical care and utilization of health services for the adults
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