Abstract
With globalization and rapid urbanization, demographic and epidemiologic transitions have become important determinants for the emergence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in adult out-patients attending general practice and non-specialist clinics in urban and rural Nigeria. As part of the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study was undertaken for the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and abdominal obesity in Nigeria. In total, 303 subjects from 8 out-patient general practice clinics were studied, 184 (60.7%) were female and 119 (39.3%) were male. Mean age was 42.7±13.1 years; 51.8% were aged <45 years; 4% ≥65 years. Over 90% of subjects had ≥1 of 6 selected modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: 138 (45.6%) had 1-2; 65 (21.5%) had 3; 60 (19.8%) had 4; and 11 (3.6%) had 5 concurrent risk factors. Screening identified 206 subjects (68.0%) with dyslipidemia who did not have a prior diagnosis. Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Nigerian subjects attending out-patient clinics. Moreover, many subjects were undiagnosed and therefore unaware of their cardiovascular risk status. Opportunistic screening alongside intensive national, multisectoral education or risk factor education is needed, should be scaled up nationwide and rolled out in both urban and rural communities in Nigeria.
Highlights
MethodsAs part of the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study was undertaken for the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and abdominal obesity in Nigeria
With globalization and rapid urbanization, demographic and epidemiologic transitions have become important determinants for the emergence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent in Nigerian subjects attending out-patient clinics
Summary
As part of the Africa and Middle East Cardiovascular Epidemiological (ACE) study, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study was undertaken for the presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and abdominal obesity in Nigeria. The ACE study (July 2011 to April 2012) was a cross-sectional epidemiologic study (described in full elsewhere[21]) This post-hoc analysis of ACE study data includes Nigerian subjects enrolled from January to February 2012 in general out-patient clinics of the National Hospital Abuja, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital Gwagwalada, Calabar General Hospital Cross River State Calabar, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Federal Medical Centre Keffi Nassarawa State, General Hospital Akamkpa Cross River State and General Hospital Akpabuyo Cross River State. These sites were chosen to reflect both urban and rural populations[21]. Populations with a distance of < 50 km from urban centres may be rural, such rural study sites were not part of our study
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