Cardiovascular risk factors do not predict clinically defined restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for lower limb ischemia.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors predicting restenosis and primary patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Follow-up data (including cardiovascular risk factor scores according to SCVIR criteria, preinterventional and postinterventional clinical data and patient history) of all patients who underwent successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for lower limb ischemia were analyzed retrospectively and patients, relatives, or referring physicians underwent a telephone interview. Patients with incomplete follow-up data were examined by means of a clinical examination, including Doppler measurements and treadmill test. Additionally all angiograms were evaluated to calculate lesion length, number of treated lesions, lesion type (SCVIR score), and runoff. The outcome was categorized into four groups: early recurrence (< 1 month, group I), mean recurrence (1-6 months, group II), late recurrence (>6 months, group III), and no recurrence (group IV). According to common concepts group I was defined as early (thrombotic) reocclusion, group II as clinically defined restenosis, and group III as progression of atherosclerosis. One hundred thirty-seven patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of 148 extremities. The groups differ significantly only with respect to a higher diabetes score for group I in comparison to group IV (p=0.002, Kruskal-Wallis test), and a worse runoff of group I compared with group IV (p =0.008). There was a trend toward a higher diabetes score for group II in comparison to group IV (p = 0.014). There were no differences with regard to hyperlipemia, hypertension, and tobacco use between patient groups. Mean primary patency was 436 days. Predictors for lower patency rates were diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), runoff (p=0.005), and number of treated lesions (p=0.007) in a stepwise, multiple regression analysis. Patients with clinically defined restenosis showed no specific risk factor profile in this study. Predictors for lower primary patency were diabetes mellitus, number of treated lesions, and runoff.