Abstract
The number of deaths associated with cardiovascular events remains constant in many countries due to new therapeutic approaches for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. This condition is widely attributable to unhealthy outcomes in its association with risk factors such as smoking and sedentary behavior. Risk factors play a significant role in the progression of coronary artery disease. We conducted a review of the literature with the purpose of identifying primary risk factors for coronary disease, lifestyle change interventions, and expectations for a reduction in cardiovascular events on the basis of evidence-based health education strategies. In addition, we sought to contextualize this review so that nurses are trained to use these findings in their practice at different levels of care.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]
The primary cause of CVD is a combination of several risk factors (RFs) that correlate with the progression of endothelial injury and the development of atherosclerosis [2]
The INTERHEART multicenter study, a case-control study conducted in five continents including South America, sought to detect associations between a variety of RFs and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in populations defined by ethnicity and/or geographic region
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. The main objective of risk assessment and stratification programs is to identify the probability that an individual will develop atherosclerotic disease and its cardiovascular consequences. Within this context, in which RFs—whether alone or in combination—are shown to be directly related to cardiovascular events, we sought to identify precipitating RFs for coronary artery disease (CAD), lifestyle change interventions, perspective for cardiovascular event reduction, and education strategies [5]-[8]. Toward this end, the PubMed, BIREME, and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched for content published between the years 1990 and 2013, using the following search headings: nursing, coronary disease, risk factors, education, and nursing research
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