Abstract
Cancer is a lethal disease that is the second leading cause of mortality in the world. According to statistics, prostate cancer is one of the most common types among men. Male hormone androgens, particularly testosterone, are required for normal growth and functioning of the prostate. In prostate cancer, activation of the androgen receptor promotes the growth of cancer cells. The goal of hormonal therapy or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is to reduce levels of such male hormones in the body or prevent them from stimulating cancer cells. There are many issues that have to be considered before initiation of hormonal therapy which are necessary to be aware of for its prevention and the management in routine clinical practices. In this review article, we emphasis on cardiovascular complications following ADT and certain treatment measures.
Highlights
Althogh prostate cancer is a global health problem, it is a common cancer in men and on the Asian continent it is only found to be increasing rapidly [1,2,3,4]
The mainstay of treatment for metastatic prostate cancer is the administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist on a long-term basis [12]
androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the use of an orchiectomy or a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist to manipulate the hypothalamic– pituitary–gonadal axis to attain castrate levels of testosterone [13,14]
Summary
Althogh prostate cancer is a global health problem, it is a common cancer in men and on the Asian continent it is only found to be increasing rapidly [1,2,3,4]. In a univariate analysis of a population-based study, the prevalence of two CVD risk factors, hypertension and diabetes, was found to be higher in the ADT group than in men not receiving ADT. ADT use was linked to a statistically significant increase in the risk of death from CVD-related causes in patients managed with radical prostatectomy. A meta-analysis of an observational study conducted by Garnick et al indicated a favorable link between ADT, notably GnRH agonist (Leuprolide, Goserelin), orchiectomy and the occurrence of CVD events. A meta-analysis of more than 4,000 patients could not gather any evidence that ADT increases CV death among men On the contrary, they observed a relationship between ADT and enhanced prostate cancer specific survival [53]. Certain studies suggest preventive treatments with lipid lowering agents,
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