Abstract
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that affects women of reproductive age. The association between PCOS and cardiovascular risk according to body mass index (BMI) categories is unclear.ObjectiveWe evaluated the association between cardiovascular risk according to BMI categories and PCOS in women of reproductive age.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases from their inception to 9 September, 2021. Observational cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective controlled studies were included. The main analyses examined the relationship between cardiovascular risks (i.e., blood pressure and lipid levels) and BMI in women of reproductive age with PCOS.ResultsThirty-eight studies, with a total of 6,078 subjects, were included in this metaanalysis. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher in women of reproductive age with PCOS. Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): −0.21 (−0.35, −0.08), p = 0.002], higher triglycerides [SMD (95% CI): 0.38 (0.29, 0.48), p < 0.001], higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.29 (0.20, 0.39), p < 0.001], higher nonHDL-cholesterol [SMD (95% CI): 0.42 (0.31, 0.52), p < 0.001] and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) [MD (95% CI): 0.03 (0.02, 0.04), p < 0.001] were seen in women of reproductive age with PCOS. In addition, the subgroup analysis revealed that systolic BP and HDL-cholesterol increased at BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Diastolic BP increased at BMI 25–30 kg/m2. Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, nonHDL-cholesterol, and WHR increased in all BMI categories.ConclusionsPCOS is associated with cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels and BP increased in women of reproductive age with PCOS, regardless of BMI.Systematic Review RegistrationOpen Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/92NBY).
Highlights
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrinopathies and is a highly prevalent disorder that affects ∼7–14% of women of reproductive age [1, 2]
Lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol [standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.21 (−0.35, −0.08), p = 0.002], higher triglycerides [SMD: 0.38 (0.29, 0.48), p < 0.001], higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol [SMD: 0.29 (0.20, 0.39), p < 0.001], higher nonHDL-cholesterol [SMD: 0.42 (0.31, 0.52), p < 0.001] and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) [mean difference (MD): 0.03 (0.02, 0.04), p < 0.001] were seen in women of reproductive age with PCOS
The subgroup analysis revealed that systolic BP and HDL-cholesterol increased at body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2 and BMI 25–30 kg/m2
Summary
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common female endocrinopathies and is a highly prevalent disorder that affects ∼7–14% of women of reproductive age [1, 2]. PCOS leads to adverse metabolic sequelae, including high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and obesity, all of which individually confer a cardiovascular risk. Each of these features promotes cardiovascular risk in this population. PCOS may represent an important key to lipid and blood pressure alterations starting at the age of reproduction. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous condition that affects women of reproductive age. The association between PCOS and cardiovascular risk according to body mass index (BMI) categories is unclear
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