Cardiovascular profile of patients with type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

The diabetic patient is a subject at high cardiovascular risk. Accurate determination of cardiovascular risk requires reliable tools to implement preventive measures. Can risk equations, and in particular the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) equation, still be of interest in assessing the risk of the type 2 diabetic patient in the face of new methods such as the coronary calcium score? The objective of the work is to determine the cardiovascular profile of type 2 diabetic patients through Score. Material and methods: Observational and descriptive study involving 176 type 2 diabetic patients conducted during the month of April 2021. All of them benefited from a clinical examination, a metabolic, degenerative and cardiovascular risk calculation according to the Score. Results: The average age is 58.7 years with extremes of 28 to 85 years. A female predominance was noted (74.4%) with a sex ratio of 0.3. The average duration of diabetes evolution is 8.84 years with extremes ranging from 1 month to 44 years. 57.1% of patients were on oral treatment, versus 36.3% on insulin and 6.5% on diabetic diet only. Glycemic imbalance exists in more than 62% (estimated by HbA1c). The other associated risk factors found are: hypertension (56%), obesity and overweight (82.1%), smoking (12%) and sedentary lifestyle (60.7%), dyslipidemia was found in 66 patients (56.5%); 89.6% of women were menopausal. Microangiopathic complications are noted in 60.7% of cases: nephropathy (38.2%), retinopathy (33.3%), neuropathy (59.8%). Macroangiopathic complications affect 23.2%. In our population, 67.3% have a very high cardiovascular risk (> 10%) according to the SCORE. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients are already at high cardiovascular risk. The seriousness of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients reflects the importance of assessing their cardiovascular risk and of comprehensive management integrating the various risk factors. The Score remains an important and simple tool for estimating cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes.