Cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute and chronic coronary syndrome: insights from the clinical evidence on ticagrelor.

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to discuss cardiovascular mortality as clinical outcome in the setting of both acute and chronic coronary syndromes (ACS and CCS) with a focus on the clinical evidence supporting the mortality benefit of ticagrelor across multiple subpopulations. Papers considered for this review were retrieved from a PubMed search, using different combinations of keywords (e.g., mortality AND coronary syndrome AND dual antiplatelet therapy AND ticagrelor), without limitations in terms of publication date and language. Prevention of ischemic events and death is of outmost relevance in patients with ACS and CCS, given the high rate of recurrence of such events and fatalities. Owing to the evolving nature of patients with CCS, characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and previous medical history, as well as the advances in the therapeutic and invasive management of ACS, greater attention to the rate of hard clinical outcomes, improvement in the long-term prognosis, and reduction in the residual risk of recurrent events are increasingly reported among cardiologists. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is the cornerstone of antithrombotic therapy aimed at lowering the rate of ischemic events and death in patients treated both conservatively and invasively after ACS, as well as improving prognosis in patients with CCS. Significant differences are emerging among oral P2Y12 inhibitors with regards to mortality benefit. Ticagrelor is an effective and well-tolerated option to attain a meaningful and clinically relevant reduction in cardiovascular mortality in both acute and chronic settings across a broad range of high-risk patient subpopulations with an acceptable payoff in terms of bleeding risk.