Abstract
CVDs have high incidence in patients with CKD, which are up to 20 times more likely to develop them compared to other populations3, which implies high mortality rates in this specific population. Traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes, smoking habits, among others, do not always explain cardiovascular events in patients with CKD. Among non-traditional factors commonly present in CKD are oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, aortic calcification, inflammation, and more recently, the accumulation of uremic toxins, which may cause insulin resistance, increased inflammatory cytokine production, and atherosclerosis4-7.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is today a major cause of death in many countries, and may be influenced by several factors
CVDs have high incidence in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which are up to 20 times more likely to develop them compared to other populations[3], which implies high mortality rates in this specific population
Great attention has been given to uremic toxins, which are organic products usually excreted by the kidneys
Summary
Gabriela Filgueiras Storino[1], Cristiane Moraes[1], Juliana Saldanha[2], Denise Mafra1,2 1Universidade Federal Fluminense – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares – Niterói, RJ – Brazil 2Universidade Federal Fluminense – Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas – Niterói, RJ – Brazil
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