Abstract
Systemic hypertension is a highly prevalent potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of underlying causes for hypertension, in assessing cardiovascular complications of hypertension, and in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease process. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides accurate and reproducible measures of ventricular volumes, mass, function and haemodynamics as well as uniquely allowing tissue characterization of diffuse and focal fibrosis. In addition, CMR is well suited for exclusion of common secondary causes for hypertension. We review the current and emerging clinical and research applications of CMR in hypertension.
Highlights
Systemic hypertension is a highly prevalent potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor
A number of imaging techniques are available in the assessment of hypertension, including echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and cardiac scintigraphy. 2D echocardiography is widely available and extensive literature supports its indication for left ventricular (LV) mass measurement
CCT has a high negative predictive value for ruling out coronary artery disease and it is appropriate for ventricular mass and volume measurement and for assessing vascular disease, while more extensive research is needed before its use for myocardial tissue characterization can be promoted
Summary
Systemic hypertension is a highly prevalent potentially modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. CMR appears as the one technique to provide a comprehensive assessment of hypertensive cardiovascular disease, including accurate and reproducible measurement of biventricular function and volumes, the possibility of serial evaluation, assessment of valvular disease and vascular pathology, myocardial perfusion and tissue characterization.
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