Abstract
Background: World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It has killed thousands and millions are infected worldwide. Though COVID-19 is supposed to be primarily a disease of the respiratory system, it also has widespread implications on other systems as well. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles which aimed to delineate the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. Results: A total of six articles (five original articles and one case report) were included. We found diverse cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 ranging from acute cardiac injury to death. New-onset abnormalities in electrocardiogram or echocardiogragram, elevated plasma levels of cardiac troponin, NT-proBNP, and D-dimer have role in early identification of acute cardiac injury in such patients. Additionally, cardiac troponin and NT-proBNP can be used to evaluate prognosis and possible need for intensive care in these patients. Conclusions: Acute cardiac injury is common in patients with COVID-19. Aggressive supportive management based on prognostic indicators along with management of heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and thrombosis can improve clinical outcomes in such patients.
Highlights
In late 2019, a cluster of cases of ‘pneumonia of unknown origin’ emerged which was linked to seafood wholesale and wet market in Wuhan, China[1], that heralded the onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Wang et al.[12] and Huang et al.[11] defined acute cardiac injury as blood levels of hypersensitive troponin I above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (>28 pg/mL) or new abnormalities shown on electrocardiography and echocardiography
Based on the studies analyzed, we found that patients with COVID-19 have diverse cardiovascular implications ranging from acute cardiac injury to death
Summary
In late 2019, a cluster of cases of ‘pneumonia of unknown origin’ emerged which was linked to seafood wholesale and wet market in Wuhan, China[1], that heralded the onset of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization has declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. It has killed thousands and millions are infected worldwide. Though COVID-19 is supposed to be primarily a disease of the respiratory system, it has widespread implications on other systems as well. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. Methods: PubMed, PubMed Central, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles which aimed to delineate the cardiovascular implications of COVID-19. We found diverse cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 ranging from acute cardiac injury to death. Conclusions: Acute cardiac injury is common in patients with COVID19. Aggressive supportive management based on prognostic indicators along with management of heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and thrombosis can improve clinical outcomes in such patients
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