Cardiovascular health of Brazilian adolescents within the framework of Life's Essential 8: Findings from the ERICA study

Abstract

The Life's Essential 8 (LE8) is an official cardiovascular health (CVH) assessment tool, however, its use remains limited within the adolescent population. We aim to describe the prevalence of CVH in Brazilian adolescents using the LE8 framework and to analyze its distribution considering sociodemographic factors. The sample comprised 36,956 adolescents aged 12 to 17years, who participated in the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents, a nationwide, cross-sectional, school-based study. CVH was assessed by the LE8 score (0-100 points), comprising eight metrics categorized into two domains: health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and health factors (body mass index, non-HDL cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Sociodemographic factors were sex, age, type of school, skin color, and region of residence. The results were expressed as means with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The overall average score was 75.8 points (95% CI: 75.3-76.3), classified as moderate CVH. The general score was higher among males (76.8; 95% CI: 76.6-77.7) and younger adolescents (12-14years old) (78.5; 95% CI: 77.7-79.4). The health factors had a higher mean than behavioral factors (87.6, 95% CI: 87.3-87.9 vs. 64.0, 95% CI: 63.3-64.7). The best score was blood glucose (94.7; 95% CI: 94.2-95.2), while the diet score was the lowest (48.5; 95% CI: 46.3-50.6). The CVH of Brazilian adolescents is classified as moderate and varied according to sociodemographic characteristics. Intervention actions should prioritize behavioral factors to improve the LE8 score and consequently prevent cardiovascular events in adulthood.