Cardiovascular events after a dramatic reduction of HbA1c in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and high long-term glucose exposure

Abstract

ObjectiveIn long-lasting diabetes, a dramatic reduction of HbA1c can precede adverse events such as worsening retinopathies or painful neuropathies. We have now analyzed its possible link with later cardiovascular events in subjects with type 2 diabetes, according to their long-term glucose exposure evaluated by skin autofluorescence (SAF) measured with an AGE-READER (Diagnoptics, Groningen, The Netherland). Research design and methodsWe studied retrospectively a cohort of patients hospitalized for uncontrolled and/or complicated type 2 diabetes from 2009 to 2017. A previous dramatic reduction of HbA1c was defined by more than −1.5 %/4 months, and later cardiovascular events as myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization procedures, and cardiovascular-related death. Survival analyses were performed before and after categorizing the subjects for their SAF. ResultsThe 386 subjects were 57.5 % men, 62 ± 9 years old, with a 14 ± 9 years duration of diabetes, most were treated by insulin (63.7 %). The dramatic HbA1c reducers (−3.0 ± 1.5 %) represented 16.5 % of the population. During the 51 months (IQR: 30–71) of follow-up, 53 cardiovascular events occurred and were related to the SAF (2.70 ± 0.64 AUs). Linkage was established between the SAF, the reduction of HbA1c and the cardiovascular events (p = 0.017). With a SAF higher than the median (2.65 AUs), the dramatic reduction of HbA1c was related to later cardiovascular events (HR: 3.84, 95%CI: 1.68–8.76). ConclusionsA dramatic decline of HbA1c leads to a higher risk of cardiovascular events in hospitalized subjects with type 2 diabetes and a high long-term glucose exposure.