Cardiovascular evaluation in Turner Syndrome: The evidence, the reality and the challenges

Abstract

Whilst short stature and hypogonadism are common features of Turner syndrome (TS) a spectrum of associated health problems can occur throughout life. Emerging evidence suggests that cardiovascular pathology such as coarctation of aorta (CoA), bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) and aortic dilatation (AoD) significantly increase risks for aortic dissection in TS. Whilst several expert consensuses have recommended cardiovascular monitoring pathways in TS [1], inconsistencies in follow up exist. The 2010 International Consensus for Management of Patients with Thoracic Aorta Disease recommends re-evaluation of the aorta in TS every 5–10years, even without any risk factors for AoD [1].