Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that the crude tentacle-only extract (cTOE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata (Cyaneidae) exhibits hemolytic and cardiovascular toxicities simultaneously. So, it is quite difficult to discern the underlying active component responsible for heart injury caused by cTOE. The inactivation of the hemolytic toxicity from cTOE accompanied with a removal of plenty of precipitates would facilitate the separation of cardiovascular component and the investigation of its cardiovascular injury mechanism. In our research, after the treatment of one-step alkaline denaturation followed by twice dialysis, the protein concentration of the treated tentacle-only extract (tTOE) was about 1/3 of cTOE, and SDS-PAGE showed smaller numbers and lower density of protein bands in tTOE. The hemolytic toxicity of tTOE was completely lost while its cardiovascular toxicity was well retained. The observations of cardiac function, histopathology and ultrastructural pathology all support tTOE with significant cardiovascular toxicity. Blood gas indexes and electrolytes changed far less by tTOE than those by cTOE, though still with significant difference from normal. In summary, the cardiovascular toxicity of cTOE can exist independently of the hemolytic toxicity and tTOE can be employed as a better venom sample for further purification and mechanism research on the jellyfish cardiovascular toxic proteins.
Highlights
Jellyfish stings can produce a burning feeling, severe pain, swelling, red streak, nausea, abdominal pains, profuse sweating, muscle cramp, respiratory distress, heart failure and so on [1]
After tentacle-only extract (tTOE) injection (i.v.) at the dose of 3.3 mg/kg, corresponding to 10 mg/kg of crude tentacle-only extract (cTOE), the arterial blood pressure decreased from 108 mmHg to 80 mmHg within 10 min in the anesthetized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, indicating a retained cardiovascular toxicity, though much lower than that of cTOE
When tTOE was injected at the same dose with cTOE (10 mg/kg i.v.), no statistic difference was observed between the hypotensive responses of the two samples (Figure 1a, b)
Summary
Jellyfish stings can produce a burning feeling, severe pain, swelling, red streak, nausea, abdominal pains, profuse sweating, muscle cramp, respiratory distress, heart failure and so on [1]. Cardiovascular toxicity, the major toxic index of jellyfish venoms, is considered to be much more sensitive and selective to the cardiovascular system than to other physiological systems. It can be determined by an easy hypotensive response which is mainly related to heart failure [6,7,8], though the contractive vascular effect might be influenced [12,13]. None of the above issues has been settled satisfactorily
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