Cardiovascular disease-related miRNAs expression: potential role as biomarkers and effects of training exercise.

Simona Ultimo,Giorgio Zauli,James A Mccubrey,Marco Vitale,Luca M Neri,Silvano Capitani,Alberto M Martelli

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.24428

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality worldwide, therefore the need of effective preventive strategies is imperative. Aging is associated with significant changes in both cardiovascular structure and function that lower the threshold for clinical signs and symptoms, making older people more susceptible to CVDs morbidity and mortality.microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level and increasing evidence has shown that miRNAs are involved in cardiovascular physiology and in the pathogenesis of CVDs.Physical activity is recommended by the medical community and the cardiovascular benefits of exercise are multifactorial and include important systemic effects on skeletal muscle, the peripheral vasculature, metabolism, and neuroendocrine systems, as well as beneficial modifications within the myocardium itself.In this review we describe the role of miRNAs and their dysregulation in several types of CVDs. We provide an overview of miRNAs in CVDs and of the effects of physical activity on miRNA regulation involved in both cardiovascular pathologies and age-related cardiovascular changes and diseases.Circulating miRNAs in response to acute and chronic sport exercise appear to be modulated following training exercise, and may furthermore serve as potential biomarkers for CVDs and different age-related CVDs.

Highlights

According to the report of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III in US, about 47% of deaths is due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]
We provide an overview of miRNAs in CVDs and of the effects of physical activity on miRNA regulation involved in both cardiovascular pathologies and age-related cardiovascular changes and diseases
We have focused on the description of main miRNAs involved in hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke, arrhythmias and cardiac hypertrophy (CH)

Summary

Introduction

According to the report of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III in US, about 47% of deaths is due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) [1]. Patients with CAD showed increased levels of miR-221 (Table 1) and miR-222 in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and these miRNAs lead to mobilization of EPCs [31, 54, 68, 69]. These studies have shown that miR-195 and miR-100 were upregulated whereas miR-92 was downregulated [75] suggesting that different level of miRNAs can play a role in HF.

Results

Conclusion