Cardiovascular Disease in Women with Chronic Renal Failure

Chukwubike Udoka Okeke,Nwamaka Chiji Okenzere

doi:10.3329/jom.v16i1.22382

Abstract

Objective: Patients with chronic renal failure have high burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to investigate the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal failure among female patients on dialysis treatment in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 adult female subjects participated in this study. 20 of them were apparently healthy and served as control group while the rest 20 were female patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on dialysis treatment. Fasting blood samples were collected and their lipid profile, Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) were estimated using enzymatic methods. The percentages of these parameters in circulation were obtained. The cardiovascular risk ratios (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) were calculated. Result: The lipid profile of the chronic renal failure patients (TC 5.70±0.80mmol/l, TG 1.46±0.40mmol/l, LDL-C 3.50±0.2mmol/l, and VLDL-C 0.67±0.2mmol/l) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of control group (TC 4.03±0.13mmol/l, TG 1.10± 0.3mmol/l , LDL-C 1.85±0.5mmol/l, and VLDL-C 0.50± 0.01mmol/l) except HDL-C. HDL-C of the CRF patients (1.40±0.2mmol/l) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than that of healthy women (HDL-C 1.70± 0.04mmol/l). These depict no difference in the percentage of VLDL-C & TG in circulation between the control (VLDL C 5% and TG 45%) and chronic renal failure patients (VLDL C 5% and TG 44%). In CRF group, it was observed that 28% of the total plasma lipid (12.73mmol/l) was LDL-C but in healthy women, percentage of LDL-C in circulation (out of 9.18mmol/l) was 20%. It was also observed that 11% of the total plasma lipid (12.73mmol/l) in CRF patients was HDL-C but in healthy subjects, the percentage of HDL-C in circulation (out of 9.18mmol/l) was 19%. The cardiovascular risk indices (TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C) of the CRF patients (TC/HDL-C 3.91±0.24 and LDL-C/HDL-C 2.50±0.01) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the healthy subjects (TC/HDL-C 2.40±0.09, LDL-C/HDL-C 1.10±0.08). Conclusion: These results indicate that chronic renal failure is a risk factor to development of cardiovascular disease in female patients on dialysis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v16i1.22382 J MEDICINE 2015; 16 : 14-17

Highlights

In ageing population, the absolute number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in women is increasing
The cardiovascular risk indices (TC/High Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (HDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C) of the CRF patients (TC/HDL-C 3.91±0.24 and LDL-C/HDL-C 2.50±0.01) were significantly higher (p
Materials and methods: A total of 40 adult female subjects were used in this study. 20 of them were apparently healthy females, while the rest 20 were patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis treatment in Nigeria (CRF group). 5ml of blood sample collected from each subjects at fasting state was used to estimate the level of serum Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, and Very Low Density Lipoprotein –Cholesterol (VLDL-C) using enzymatic method with Human Diagnostic test kit.9The blood sample was collected after obtaining informed consent from the participants and Hospital management

Summary

Introduction

The absolute number of deaths due to cardiovascular disease in women is increasing. The risk factors for coronary heart disease in women are cigarette, smoking, hypertension, (including isolated systolic hypertension), dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor nutrition. Most risk factors for coronary heart disease are similar in men and women, gender differences have been documented, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have high burden of cardiovascular. 1. Department of Medical Lab Sciences, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Prosthesis and Orthopaedic Technology, Federal University of Technology,Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

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