Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) risk factors among patients of type2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) with Non–Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

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Background: Global pandemics of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are spreading quickly. CVD continues to be a pressing global health issue, standing as a prominent cause of both mortality and morbidity. Among its diverse risk factors, type2 DM and Non–Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) stand out as pivotal contributors. This research endeavors to delve into the multifaceted relationship between type2 DM, NAFLD, and cardiovascular health. Material & Methods: From July 1 to December 31, 2012, a hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Cumilla Medical College and Hospital in Bangladesh. This study comprised 50 type2 DM patients with NAFLD who had been hospitalized. Their medical history, physical exam, and laboratory study (fasting and 2-hour post-meal blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine, liver function tests, and fasting lipid profile) were included. Based on a liver ultrasound examination, NAFLD was identified. Results: Out of 50 patients, 18(36%) were males and 32(64%) were females, with mean age 58.89 ± 8.38 and 54.6 ± 10.1 years, respectively. Grade -1 NAFLD cases were 54%, grade -2 was 32%, and grade -3 was 14%. On statistical analysis, we found increasing grades of NAFLD were significantly associated with hypertension (p=0.0083), obesity (p=0.0006), increasing levels of total cholesterol (p<0.0001), ALT (p<0.0001), AST (p<0.0001) and ALP (p<0.0001). Conclusions: NAFLD combines with CVD risk factors among people with type2 diabetes. It is a substitute and a reliable CVD risk marker in type2 diabetes patients. Ultrasonography was used to detect NAFLD.