Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk estimation among 40 years and older using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts

Abstract

Introduction: Evidence based programme to reduce fatal/non-fatal CVDs can be formulated using WHO/ISH risk prediction charts. Use of combined risk approach is effective in identification of individuals requiring intervention. Objective: To determine 10 year cardiovascular risk and prevalence of selected risk factors for CVDs among 40 years and older population in an urban field practice area of a medical college. Material and methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted with sample size of 116. Inclusion criteria was age >40 years and without CVDs. WHO/ISH risk charts were used. Pilot tested, structured, interview based questionnaire was administered followed by clinical examination to determine prevalence of selected CVD risk factors in the community. Results: Mean age was 56.23 + 10.6 years and majority (74.1%) were females. High 10 year risk of cardiovascular events, family history of CVDs, high BMI, increased risk of metabolic complications, abdominalobesity, hypertension and smoking was seen in 23%,33.6%,79.3%,44.8%,52.6%,56.9% and 10.3% respectively. Significant gender difference was seen in prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, over weight, increased risk of metabolic complications, and abdominal obesity (p= 0.044, 0.036, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.001 respectively). Higher prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, abdominal obesity, overweight, and smoking was found in individuals at high 10 year risk of CVD event. Conclusion: The present study document high 10-year risk of cardiovascular events and prevalence of risk factors. Identification of individuals at high risk of CVDs is crucial to mitigate rapidly growing CVD burden in the country.