Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the integrated responses of ambulatory blood pressure (BP), cardiac autonomic modulation, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and vascular reactivity after a single bout of resistance exercise (RE) in men with stage 2 hypertension who have never been treated before. Ten hypertensive men were subjected to a RE session of three sets of 20 repetitions and an intensity of 40% of the 1-repetition maximum (RM) test in seven different exercises. For the control (CTR) session, the volunteers were positioned on the exercise machines but did not perform any exercise. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. We also analyzed the heart rate variability (HRV), ambulatory BP, blood pressure variability (BPV), and BRS. All measurements were performed at different timepoints: baseline, 20 min, 80 min, and 24 h after both RE and CTR sessions. There were no differences in ambulatory BP over the 24 h between the RE and CTR sessions. However, the area under the curve of diastolic BP decreased after the RE session. Heart rate (HR) and cardiac output increased for up to 80 and 20 min after RE, respectively. Similarly, forearm blood flow, conductance, and vascular reactivity increased 20 min after RE (p < 0.05). In contrast, HRV and BRS decreased immediately after exercise and remained lower for 20 min after RE. We conclude that a single bout of RE induced an increase in vascular reactivity and reduced the pressure load by attenuating AUC of DBP in hypertensive individuals who had never been treated with antihypertensive medications.
Highlights
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in modern society, affecting more than one billion people in the world
Several studies have shown that, in essential hypertension, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is impaired, and it is associated with increased variability of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and augmented response of BP to exercise [2]
No differences were observed in the area under the curve of systolic and mean BP
Summary
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in modern society, affecting more than one billion people in the world. Several studies have shown that, in essential hypertension, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is impaired, and it is associated with increased variability of ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and augmented response of BP to exercise [2]. As well as in animal models, have demonstrated that, immediately after aerobic exercise, there are several changes in the mechanisms that regulate BP [3]. Previous studies have observed that the arterial baroreflex has been reset to defend blood pressure reduction after exercise. It contributes to increased sympathetic activity by decreasing the transmission of inhibitory signals to the pressure regulating center [5,6,7]. Since hypertension impairs central modulation and endothelial function, the consequences of RE on nontreated hypertension can likely be attenuated in these patients [10, 11]
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