Abstract
Immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies have demonstrated objective antitumor responses in multiple tumor types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell cancer (RCC). In melanoma, an increase in overall...
Highlights
Immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies including antiCTLA-4 and anti-PD1 can induce tumor responses in various tumor types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell cancer (RCC), and Hodgkin disease
The anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab and the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved by regulatory agencies in several countries for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and are associated with response rates ranging from 10–15 % [1, 2], 31–44 % [3, 4] and 33–38 % [5, 6], respectively
The frequency of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) varies with any grade toxicity by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) of 64–80 % of patients (23 % Grade 3/4) treated with ipilimumab [1, 13], up to 79 % (13 % Grade 3/4) in patients treated with pembrolizumab [5] and up to 96 % (55 % Grade 3/4) in patients treated with the combination of ipilimumab and nivolumab [4]
Summary
Immune-checkpoint blocking antibodies including antiCTLA-4 and anti-PD1 can induce tumor responses in various tumor types including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell cancer (RCC), and Hodgkin disease. The anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody ipilimumab and the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and pembrolizumab have been approved by regulatory agencies in several countries for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and are associated with response rates ranging from 10–15 % [1, 2], 31–44 % [3, 4] and 33–38 % [5, 6], respectively. These data have been generated predominantly in cutaneous melanoma responses have been observed in rarer melanoma subtypes like. Suspected cases of cardiotoxicity were vetted for alternative explanations and a case series is presented here
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