Abstract
Background: Numerous successful therapies developed for human medicine involve animal experimentation. Animal studies that are focused solely on translational potential, may not sufficiently document unexpected outcomes. Considerable amounts of data from such studies could be used to advance veterinary science. For example, sheep are increasingly being used as models of intensive care and therefore, data arising from such models must be published. In this study, the hypothesis is that there is little information describing cardiorespiratory physiological data from sheep models of intensive care and the author aimed to analyse such data to provide biological information that is currently not available for sheep that received extracorporeal life support (ECLS) following acute smoke-induced lung injury. Methods: Nineteen mechanically ventilated adult ewes undergoing intensive care during evaluation of a form of ECLS (treatment) for acute lung injury were used to collate clinical observations. Eight sheep were injured by acute smoke inhalation prior to treatment (injured/treated), while another eight were not injured but treated (uninjured/treated). Two sheep were injured but not treated (injured/untreated), while one received room air instead of smoke as the injury and was not treated (placebo/untreated). The data were then analysed for 11 physiological categories and compared between the two treated groups. Results: Compared with the baseline, treatment contributed to and exacerbated the deterioration of pulmonary pathology by reducing lung compliance and the arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO 2/FiO 2) ratio. The oxygen extraction index changes mirrored those of the PaO 2/FiO 2 ratio. Decreasing coronary perfusion pressure predicted the severity of cardiopulmonary injury. Conclusions: These novel observations could help in understanding similar pathology such as that which occurs in animal victims of smoke inhalation from house or bush fires, aspiration pneumonia secondary to tick paralysis and in the management of the severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans.
Highlights
During multifaceted experiments involving intensive care in large animal models in translational research, information related to animal monitoring is often collected with varying accuracy, scope and end-user applications
The other experimental groups were out of scope, as they investigated other aspects of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) such as blood transfusion studies, this study focuses on the cardiorespiratory physiology (4 groups) only
The results of this study demonstrated that ECLS contributed to the worsening of pulmonary pathology by reducing lung compliance and PaO2/FiO2 ratio
Summary
During multifaceted experiments involving intensive care in large animal models in translational research, information related to animal monitoring is often collected with varying accuracy, scope and end-user applications. The source of data for this study was from a sheep model[2,3,4,5] in which sheep were treated for acute smoke-induced acute lung injury using veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)[2], a form of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) developed to complement the treatment of acute lung injury in humans[6,7,8] During this type of ECLS, venous blood is carried from the patient to a gas exchange device where the blood is enriched with oxygen, has carbon dioxide is removed, and oxygenated blood is returned to the patient’s circulation in the right atrium. Conclusions: These novel observations could help in understanding similar pathology such as that which occurs in animal victims of Invited Reviewers version 1
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