Abstract
The present study sought to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cognitive function in late-middle-aged adults from event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) perspectives. Late-middle-aged adults were categorized into either the high-fitness group or the low-fitness group based on their estimated cardiorespiratory fitness values. The participants completed the Stroop Test, which is comprised of incongruent and neutral conditions, while the brain activities were recoded. The alpha ERD and ERS values based on the equation proposed by Pfurtscheller (1977) were further calculated. The results revealed that the adults with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness demonstrated superior Stroop performance, regardless of Stroop congruency. While these high-fitness adults had less positive upper alpha ERD values in the later epoch window compared to their lower-fitness counterparts, they had greater lower alpha ERD values in the early epoch window. Additionally, in the late epoch window, the high-fitness adults showed less positive lower alpha ERD values on neutral, but not incongruent condition, relative to their low-fitness counterparts. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness of the late-middle-aged adults is positively associated with cognitive functioning, especially the cognitive processes related to the inhibition of task-irrelevant information and those processes required the devotion of greater amounts of attentional resources to a given task.
Highlights
As life expectancies have continued to grow, the size of the aged population has surged dramatically over the last several decades
The two-way ANOVA of response time revealed a main effect of group, F(1,38) = 17.42, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.31, with shorter response time on high fitness (583.55 ± 15.89 ms) compared to low fitness group (677.34 ± 15.89 ms)
The findings reported add imperative knowledge to the fitness-cognition literature by exploring differences in alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD)/event-related synchronization (ERS) activity between high-fitness and low-fitness middleaged adults
Summary
As life expectancies have continued to grow, the size of the aged population has surged dramatically over the last several decades. This rapid projected rate of population aging will bring increased susceptibility to non-communicable diseases (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Age-related impairments have contributed to a wide variety of cognitive deterioration, such as diminished processing speed, reduced working memory, and Fitness, Executive Control, and ERD poorer long-term memory (Park and Reuter-Lorenz, 2009). These aging-related disturbances lead to increased healthcare resource utilization, and as a result, there is increasing interest in exploring cost-effective strategies to deal with the relative issues (Williams and Kemper, 2010)
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