Abstract
BackgroundSince 2004, Sport Waikato has delivered Project Energize, a through-school nutrition and physical activity program to primary schools in the Waikato. As part of the program’s continued assessment and quality control, the programme was evaluated in 2011 and 2015. This paper’s aim was to compare the cardiorespiratory fitness (time to run 550 m (T550)) levels of children participating in Project Energize in 2011 and 2015.MethodsIn the 2011 evaluation of Project Energize, gender specific- T550-for-age Z scores (T550AZ) were derived from the T550 of 4832 Waikato children (2527 girls; 2305 boys; 36% Māori) aged between 6 and 12 years. In 2015, T550 was measured for 4798 (2361 girls; 2437 boys; 32% Māori) children, representative of age, gender and school socioeconomic status (SES). The T550AZ for every child in the 2015 study and 2011 evaluation were derived and differences in T550 between 2015 and 2011 by gender, SES and age were determined using independent t-tests. Multiple regression analysis predicted T550 Z score and run time, using year of measurement, gender, ethnicity, age and school SES.Results With and without adjustment, children in 2015 ran 550 m faster than in 2011 (adjusted Z score 0.06, time 11 s). Specifically, girls ran at a similar speed in 2015 as 2011 but boys were faster than in 2011 (Z score comparison P < 0.001, mean difference 0.18 95%CI 0.12, 0.25). Regression analysis showed time taken to run 550 m was 11 s less in 2015 compared with 2011. Boys ran it 13 s faster than girls (Z score 0.07) and for each 1 year age increase, children were 8 s slower (Z score 0.006). For each 10% decrease in SES, children were 3 s slower (Z score 0.004) and Māori children were 5 s slower than Non-Māori children (Z score 0.15).ConclusionsThe findings from this study support the continuation of the delivery of Project Energize in the Waikato region of New Zealand, as cardiorespiratory fitness scores in 2015, compared to 2011, were improved, particularly for lower SES schools and for Māori children. Ethnically diverse populations, schools with higher deprivation and girls, continue to warrant further attention to help achieve equity.
Highlights
Since 2004, Sport Waikato has delivered Project Energize, a through-school nutrition and physical activity program to primary schools in the Waikato
Since 2009, the intervention has reached all 252 primary schools in the Waikato region of New Zealand and its dose and specific components are tailored to each individual school [6]
Previous investigators have reported moderate to strong reliability and validity of the 550 m (600 yards) run [17, 23] and in our hands we have shown that the different day intraindividual variation is ±6 s ~ 2.5%
Summary
Since 2004, Sport Waikato has delivered Project Energize, a through-school nutrition and physical activity program to primary schools in the Waikato. Since 2005, in response to the need for prevention strategies in childhood settings, [2] Sport Waikato, funded by the Waikato District Health Board, has delivered Project Energize (PE), a through-primary school nutrition and physical activity programme [3]. This is the first intervention of its kind to be delivered to primary school children in New Zealand. The program’s fidelity is monitored by the funder with quarterly reports of activities of Energizers and schools submitted to the Waikato District Health Board
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