Cardiorespiratory effects of diazepam-ketamine, xylazine-ketamine and thiopentone anesthesia in male Wistar rats-A comparative analysis

Abstract

Several anesthetics are known to cause respiratory and cardiovascular depression in humans and animals; but, these diverse effects have not been extensively investigated in laboratory rodents. The objective of this study is to choose a suitable anesthetic combination for use in surgical models eg. coronary artery ligation in rats. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with three different drugs viz. diazepam-ketamine (DK) (2.5 mg/Kg, intraperitoneally (i.p); 50 mg/Kg, i.p), xylazine-ketamine (XK) (5 mg/Kg i.p; 50 mg/Kg i.p) and thiopentone (T) (40 mg/Kg i.p) and the respiratory and cardiovascular functions were assessed after coronary artery ligation. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO 2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2), oxygen saturation percentage (O 2 sat (%)), arterial blood pH and rectal body temperature were studied in detail. During the anesthetic regime, HR was lower till 60 min in XK and T ligated group (333 ± 6; 304 ± 8 beats/min) and it was near normalcy in the case of DK ligated group (394 ± 6 beats/min). Significant respiratory depression was particularly reflected in the T ligated group with an increase in PaCO 2 at 30 min (40.32 ± 2.64 mmHg), which decreased to 38.2 ± 2.23 mmHg at 60 min. Throughout the investigation, DK showed the least overall effects compared to XK and T on respiratory functions. Thus, DK could be considered to be a suitable anesthetic for use in a surgical model such as coronary artery ligation in albino rats.