Cardiorespiratory Coordination after Training and Detraining. A Principal Component Analysis Approach.

Natàlia Balagué,Daniel Aragonés,Jacob González,Casimiro Javierre,Robert Hristovski,Oscar Niño,Josep L Ventura,Juan Álamo

doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00035

Abstract

Our purpose was to study the effects of different training modalities and detraining on cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC). Thirty-two young males were randomly assigned to four training groups: aerobic (AT), resistance (RT), aerobic plus resistance (AT + RT), and control (C). They were assessed before training, after training (6 weeks) and after detraining (3 weeks) by means of a graded maximal test. A principal component (PC) analysis of selected cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory variables was performed to evaluate CRC. The first PC (PC1) coefficient of congruence in the three conditions (before training, after training and after detraining) was compared between groups. Two PCs were identified in 81% of participants before the training period. After this period the number of PCs and the projection of the selected variables onto them changed only in the groups subject to a training programme. The PC1 coefficient of congruence was significantly lower in the training groups compared with the C group [H(3, N=32) = 11.28; p = 0.01]. In conclusion, training produced changes in CRC, reflected by the change in the number of PCs and the congruence values of PC1. These changes may be more sensitive than the usually explored cardiorespiratory reserve, and they probably precede it.

Highlights

Cardiorespiratory exercise testing is commonly used in clinical practice for both functional and diagnostic assessments of all types of populations
Given that cardiorespiratory function cannot be tested solely through quantitative measures, and since there are no studies evaluating the effects of training programmes and detraining on cardiorespiratory coordination (CRC), we aim to investigate the qualitative changes in CRC in healthy young men before and after a period of 6 weeks of different training modalities (AT, RT, and AT + RT), and again 3 weeks after detraining
A typical result of the effect of the three conditions on the CRC is shown on Figure 1

Summary

Introduction

Cardiorespiratory exercise testing is commonly used in clinical practice for both functional and diagnostic assessments of all types of populations. It measures a broad range of variables related to cardiorespiratory function with the goal of quantitatively linking metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary responses to exercise (Balady et al, 2010). It provides little information about the coordinated activity of these subsystems. Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory subsystems are interdependent and interact in a dynamic and nonlinear way, that is, non-proportionally, and they need to be approached through nonlinear models

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion