Abstract
Objective: Phytochemicals are known to elicit potential antioxidant activity. This study examined the cardioprotective effects of quercetin against oxidative damage to rat cardiomyocyte cells (H9c2) after treatment with Diesel Exhaust Nanoparticles (DEPs) or Petrol Exhaust Nanoparticles (PEPs).
 Methods: Cardiomyocyte cells were exposed to DEPs or PEPs alone and in a combination with quercetin for 24 h.
 Results: Results showed that quercetin had no lethal effect on H9c2 cells up to a concentration of 1.0 μg/ml. Exposure to DEPs (4.0 μg/ml) or PEPs (10.0 μg/ml) induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation (p<0.05). It also provoked lipid peroxidation by an increase in MDA and a decrease in SOD activity and glutathione activity (p<0.05). Simultaneous addition of quercetin restored these parameters to near normal.
 Conclusion: These results thus specify that quercetin plays a protective role in cardiac cells exposed to DEPs and PEPs.
Highlights
Flavonoids are a group of natural, polyphenolic compounds found widely in fruits, flowers, vegetables, stem, wine, and tea
The activities of cell antioxidants Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and GSH decreased significantly (p
The levels of MDA and H2O2 in DEP/PEP treated H9c2 cells showed significant increase when compared to the control (p
Summary
Flavonoids are a group of natural, polyphenolic compounds found widely in fruits, flowers, vegetables, stem, wine, and tea. Quercetin (3, 5, 7, 3, 4 - pentoxy flavones) is one of the best illustrated flavonoids with potential antioxidant properties [1]. Studies by Tieppo et al, 2007, reported that quercetin increased the genomic stability and enhanced the antioxidant defense system in rat models [6]. Studies showed that quercetin inhibited the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclooxygenase, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and xanthine oxidase [7]. Farombi and Onyema, 2006, indicated that dietary antioxidants such as quercetin, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C played a protective role against oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate in the brain, liver, and kidney of rats [8]. Studies showed that quercetin prevented different disorders caused by environmental contaminants [9]
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