Abstract
In isoprenaline (ISO)-induced myocardial infarcted rats, garlic oil (GO) and its main ingredient, diallyl disulfide (DADS), were examined for cardioprotective effects when used with carvedilol (CAR). GO, DADS and CAR were given to rats in their respective groups, either alone or together, with the addition of isoprenaline (3 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) during the last 10 days of treatment. At the end of 14 days of treatment, blood samples were collected, the hearts were excised under anesthesia and weighed. Heart tissue homogenate was used to measure superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Furthermore, the serum activities of cardiac markers, including lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and cardiac troponin, were checked. Moreover, inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin one beta, interleukin six, and kappa bp65 subunit were assessed. Rats that received GO, DADS, and CAR exhibited a significant increase in the cardiac antioxidant enzyme activities with a simultaneous decrease in serum cardiac markers enzymes and inflammatory markers. The TBARS were significantly reduced in rats that received treatment. The addition of carvedilol to GO or DADS significantly elevated antioxidant activities and decreased the release of cardiac enzymes into blood circulation. Both DADS and GOl were almost similar in efficacy, indicating the potential role of DADS in garlic oil-mediated cardioprotection. Combining GO or DADS with CAR increased CAR’s cardioprotective impact and protected rats from developing ISO-induced myocardial infarction.
Highlights
The use of herbal remedies or nutritional supplements in conjunction with modern medicine is widespread all over the world
We reported that garlic, aged garlic extract, and s-allyl cysteine (SAC) had antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties that were modified by antihypertensive treatment [22]
All animals pretreated with garlic oil, diallyl disulfide, and carvedilol showed significantly (p < 0.01) decreased heart weight and heart to body weight ratio compared to isoprenaline control
Summary
The use of herbal remedies or nutritional supplements in conjunction with modern medicine is widespread all over the world. They are used with the expectation that adding herbs or nutrients to a prescription regimen would bring additional benefits and/or reduce drug side effects [1]. The data on the impact of concurrent administration of herbs or nutrients with conventional drugs are evolving but not available for most of the commonly used combinations. One of the most dreadful diseases is myocardial infarction (MI), known as a heart attack (major ischemic heart disease). Inflammation and necrosis have been shown as major contributors to MI in a number of research studies [6,7]
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