Abstract
Problem statement: Cucumis trigonus Roxb fruit is used for various ailments in Indian traditional system of medicine such as anthelmintic, liver tonic, cardio tonic, appetizer, expectorant and intellect promoting. However, there is lack of information regarding the effect of Cucumis trigonus on the cardiac changes associated with ISO induced myocardial infarction. Approach: The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective potential of ethanol extract of Cucumis Trigonus Roxb fruit (CTE) on the basis of electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological parameters in isoproterenol induced myocardial infarction in rats. Male albino sprague dawely rats were pretreated with CTE (75 and 150 mg kg-1) daily for a period of 14 days. After the treatment period, ISO (200 mg kg-1) was subcutaneously injected to rats at an interval of 24 h for two days to induce myocardial injury. After 48 h, rats were anaesthetized with anesthetic ether, electrocardiographic and the levels of biochemical and histological observations of the heart tissues were performed. Results: The activities of serum marker enzymes (ALT, AST, LDH and CPK) were increased significantly (p<0.05) in ISO-induced rats. In addition, it also exhibited Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes such as increase heart rate, reduced R-wave amplitude and ST-segment elevation. CTE at concentration of 150 mg kg-1, when administered orally showed a decrease in serum enzyme levels and the ECG changes brought to the near normal values. The observed results were further confirmed by histopathological findings. The histological sections obtained from ISO alone showed various degrees of focal lesions in many sections, consisting molted staining and fragmentation of muscle fibers with confluent retrogressive lesions were observed. Animals treated with CTE demonstrated marked improvement in ISO-induced alterations such as vacuolar changes, edema, capillary dilatation and leukocyte infiltration compared to ISO administered group. Conclusion: Our data showed that CTE (150 mg kg-1, p.o.) significantly restores most of the electrocardiographic, biochemical and histopathological parameters. The present study concluded that CTE may be therapeutic and prophylactic value in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Highlights
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in world wide and according to the world health organization it will be the major cause of death in the world by the year 2020[1]
Effect of cucumis trigonus roxb on different ECG parameters: Figure 1 shows the electrocardiographic pattern of control and experimental animals
We found that CTE protected myocardium from isoproterenol-induced myocardial functional and structural injury via normalization levels of diagnostic marker enzymes
Summary
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in world wide and according to the world health organization it will be the major cause of death in the world by the year 2020[1]. & Toxicol., 4 (2): 29-37, 2009 myocytes due to interruption of blood supply to an area of heart[2]. Isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial necrosis is a well known standard model to study the beneficial effect of many drugs on cardiac dysfunction[3]. ISO is a β-adrenergic agonist that causes severe stress in myocardium and necrotic lensions in the heart muscles. ISO induced myocardial injury involves membrane permeability alterations, which brings about the loss of functions and integrity of myocardial membranes[4]. The mechanism proposed to explain isoproterenol induced cardiac damage involves generation of highly cytotoxic free radicals through auto-oxidation of catecholamine and has been implicated as one of the causative factor[7]
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