Cardioprotective Dietary Pattern Of Siberian Population

Abstract

Background — Analysis of eating habits can help identify cardioprotective dietary patterns. It is necessary to qualitatively study the diet of modern inhabitants of Siberia and identify food stereotypes that contribute to effective cardiac prophylaxis. Objective — to study the diet of the inhabitants of Siberia and to identify the features of cardioprotective nutrition. Methods — A clinical and epidemiological prospective group study of the population permanently residing in Kemerovo Oblast (administrative entity of the Russian Federation) was carried out. The baseline study included 1,124 women (70.3%) and 476 men (29.7%). To identify latent factors (stereotypes of eating behavior), we used factor analysis (method of principal components). Results — Adherence to the fruit-and-vegetable stereotype was associated with an increased risk of obesity according to body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.57, CI: 1.27-1.96), waist circumference (WC) (OR=1.43, CI: 1.1-1.9), and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR=1.27, CI: 1.2-2.2). Adherence to the protein-and-carbohydrate dietary pattern was connected to a reduced risk of detecting obesity in terms of BMI criteria (OR=0.75, CI: 0.6-0.95, p=0.015), WC (OR=0.52, CI:0.41-0.66), DM (OR=0.66, CI:0.47-0.93), hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.78, CI:0.62-0.98) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR=0.66, CI:0.52-0.83). Prospective observation demonstrated the variability of stereotypes: after three years, the following five stereotypes were identified: vegetable, protein-and-carbohydrate, fruit, dairy, and mixed. Conclusion — In contrast to the protein-and-carbohydrate diet, the fruit-and-vegetable stereotype of nutrition was associated with the development of obesity and DM. Considering the obtained results, it is necessary to study the qualitative characteristics of each stereotype (the content of macro- and microelements, kcal) and the motor activity of the respondents.