Cardiometabolic risk profile in non-obese children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Anna Di Sessa,Costanza Falanga,Giovanni Messina,Ilaria Bitetti,Marco Carotenuto,Giovanni Farello,Alberto Verrotti

doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04366-8

Abstract

Taken together, these findings suggested a worse cardiometabolic profile in non-obese children with OSAS. Given the pivotal pathogenic role of inflammation both for hypoxiemia and metabolic derangements, therapeutic strategies for OSAS might also counteract the increased cardiometabolic risk of these patients, by improving their long-term quality of life. • Pediatric OSAS has shown a close relationship with obesity and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. • Inflammation represents the hallmark of both obesity and OSAS. • Non obese children with OSAS presented with a worse cardiometabolic risk profile. • OSAS treatment might serve as an effective approach also for the increased cardiometabolic risk of these children.

Highlights

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in childhood represents a complex disease mainly linked both to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obesity epidemic at this age, in the Southern of Italy[1]
We aimed to investigate the cardiometabolic risk profile in a population of non-obese children affected by OSAS
In children with OSAS all the parameters evaluated by PSG (AHI, ODI, SpO2% and mean desaturation O2) were significantly lower than controls (p

Summary

Introduction

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in childhood represents a complex disease mainly linked both to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and obesity epidemic at this age, in the Southern of Italy[1]. Several impairments have been related to OSAS in children including neurocognitive [2] and behavioral disorders [3], growth hormone deficiency [4], enuresis [5], systemic inflammation, cardiovascular disease [6], and imbalance in lipid homeostasis [7]. An inflammatory state has been largely accepted as one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both obesity and OSAS. Evidence has linked sleep duration to different cardiometabolic markers in a pediatric cohort[11]. Changes in sleep duration and quality have been related to rapid serum increase of C-reactive protein (CRP) [12,13,14] insulin [15,16] and lipids[17]

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Conclusion