Abstract
BackgroundDysglycaemia is defined by elevated glucose levels in the blood, commonly characterized by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated glycated haemoglobin, or diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis. The abnormal levels of glucose may occur many years before DM, a condition known as prediabetes, which is correlated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of prediabetic dysglycaemia and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors at a 5-year follow-up, based on an initially normoglycaemic sample in the Baependi Heart Study cohort.MethodsThe data used comes from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, which consists of two periods: cycle 1 (2005–2006) and cycle 2 (2010–2013). For this study, we excluded those who had fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or were taking anti-diabetic medications at baseline, and those that had diabetes diagnosed in cycle 2. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and the incidence of dysglycaemia, including a familiar random effect such as a cluster.ResultsThe incidence of prediabetic dysglycaemia was 12.8%, and it did not differ between men and women (14.4% and 11.6%, respectively). Two models were analysed to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and the occurrence of prediabetic dysglycaemia. The model that better explained the occurrence of dysglycaemia over the 5 years, after correction, included the waist circumference (WC) (measures and Δ), systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL-c levels, and age. Although sex was not associated with the incidence of dysglycaemia, women and men showed differences in cardiometabolic risk factors related to glucose impairment: men who developed dysglycaemia showed, in parallel, higher LDL-c levels, TC/HDL-c ratio and DBP measurements; while these parameters remained similar between women who developed dysglycaemia and dysglycaemia-free women, after 5 years.ConclusionsIn an initially normoglycaemic sample of a highly mixed population living in a traditional Brazilian lifestyle, important cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with the occurrence of prediabetic dysglycaemia, and this relationship appeared to be more important in men. These results provide important insights about cardiovascular risk in prediabetic individuals.
Highlights
Dysglycaemia is defined by elevated glucose levels in the blood, commonly characterized by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated glycated haemoglobin, or diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis
The glucose impairment can occur many years before type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), establishing a condition known as prediabetes
The prediabetes stage is identified by impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or impaired glucose regulation [glycated haemoglobin— HbA1c between 42 and 47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%)] [2], and it indicates the risk of developing T2DM
Summary
Dysglycaemia is defined by elevated glucose levels in the blood, commonly characterized by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated glycated haemoglobin, or diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis. The glucose impairment can occur many years before type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), establishing a condition known as prediabetes Even though this metabolic disorder is initial, the risk to the development of some comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, seems to increase [1]. The identification of correlated variables has a particular importance in the knowledge about underlying etiologies of dysglycaemia and novel biomarkers that could provide greater discrimination of future risk. In this context, novel genetic and clinical scores have been proposed [3,4,5]
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