Cardiometabolic risk factors and renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms in young individuals with various metabolic phenotypes

Abstract

Background. The increased prevalence of obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases attract attention worldwide. Renin-angiotensin system can link obesity and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Objective. To access a comprehensive assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors and gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system in metabolic phenotypes among young individuals.Design and methods. The sample consisted of 251 individuals, who were divided into four groups: group 1 — metabolically healthy individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) (n = 62); group 2 — metabolically unhealthy individuals with normal BMI (n = 57); group 3 — metabolically healthy overweight/obese individuals (n = 16); group 4— metabolically unhealthy overweight/ obese individuals (n = 116). All participants answered a questionnaire designed for this study. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed. The following polymorphisms were evaluated:, A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (rs5186), M235T polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene (rs699), T174M polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene (rs4762), I/D polymorphism of the angiotensinconverting enzyme gene (rs4340).Results. In young individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/ obesity, a higher frequency of coexistent abdominal obesity and hypertension was found in combination with a higher frequency of the allele T of AGT 235M/T. The greater differences in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in combination with a higher serum levels of leptin and low serum concentrations of adiponectin were also found in young individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity.