Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, responsible for 38 million deaths in 2012, 75 % occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Most of these countries are facing a period of epidemiological transition, being confronted with an increased burden of non-communicable diseases, which challenge health systems mainly designed to deal with infectious diseases. With the adoption of the World Health Organization “Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of non-communicable diseases, 2013–2020”, the national dimension of risk factors for non-communicable diseases must be reported on a regular basis. Angola has no national surveillance system for non-communicable diseases, and periodic population-based studies can help to overcome this lack of information. CardioBengo will collect information on risk factors, awareness rates and prevalence of symptoms relevant to cardiovascular diseases, to assist decision makers in the implementation of prevention and treatment policies and programs.MethodsCardioBengo is designed as a research structure that comprises a cross-sectional component, providing baseline information and the assembling of a cohort to follow-up the dynamics of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in the catchment area of the Dande Health and Demographic Surveillance System of the Health Research Centre of Angola, in Bengo Province, Angola. The World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance questionnaires and procedures will be used to collect information on a representative sex-age stratified sample, aged between 15 and 64 years old.DiscussionCardioBengo will recruit the first population cohort in Angola designed to evaluate cardiovascular diseases risk factors. Using the structures in place of the Dande Health and Demographic Surveillance System and a reliable methodology that generates comparable results with other regions and countries, this study will constitute a useful tool for the surveillance of cardiovascular diseases. Like all longitudinal studies, a strong concern exists regarding dropouts, but strategies like regular visits to selected participants and a strong community involvement are in place to minimize these occurrences.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality, responsible for 38 million deaths in 2012, 75 % occurring in low- and middle-income countries
In 2012 they were responsible for 17.5 million deaths worldwide, and along with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes they constitute by far the major causes of
Participants will be taken through the Discussion The rise in Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and other NCDs is a major issue for global health, in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries, though not all countries have the resources to build national surveillance systems to provide solid data on the epidemiology of such diseases
Summary
Study design and setting CardioBengo is a research to be conducted in the catchment area of the Dande-HDSS, located in the Dande Municipality, Bengo Province, 60 km north of Luanda, the capital of Angola. After the exams all participants will receive a card summarizing their clinical and anthropometric results and those with abnormal levels of blood pressure, glucose, cholesterol or other clinical alteration will be referred to the General Hospital of Bengo for a follow-up evaluation with a medical doctor. Medication history Following the STEPS guidelines [7], the history of eachindividual regarding hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hypercholesterolemia, is obtained through questions evaluating previous measurements of high blood pressure, glycaemia and blood cholesterol. When any of these items are identified as positive, the participants will be asked about history of recommendations or degree of awareness of such conditions transmitted by a health professional.
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