Cardinium—the Leading Factor of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in the PlanthopperSogatella furciferaDoubly Infected WithWolbachiaandCardinium

Abstract

ABSTRACT Wolbachia and Cardinium are both maternally inherited intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and are associated with various reproductive abnormalities in their hosts. Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common effect associated with the infection of endosymbionts. The CI results in a failure of karyogamy when infected males mate with uninfected females. Although infection by both Wolbachia and Cardinium is fairly common, little is known about their interactions and each symbiont's contribution to the phenotype of doubly-infected hosts. In this study we measured the strength of CI induced by Wolbachia, Cardinium, or both in the Hainan population of Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) by performing all possible crossing combinations, and show that Cardinium induced strong CI, Cardinium and Wolbachia together caused partial CI, and Wolbachia did not induce CI. We found that doubly-infected females could slightly rescue CI induced by Cardinium-infected males, Cardinium-infe...