Abstract
Analysis of cardiac troponin I (cTn I) and T (cTnT) are considered the “gold standard” for the non-invasive diagnosis of myocardial injury in human and animals. It has replaced traditionally used cardiac biomarkers such as myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB due to its high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of myocardial injury. Cardiac troponins are proteins that control the calcium-mediated interaction between actin and myosin, allowing contraction at the sarcomere level. Concentration of the cTn can be correlated microscopic lesion and loss of immunolabeling in myocardium damage. Troponin concentration remains elevated in blood for 1-2wks so that wide window is available for diagnosis of myocardial damage. The cTn test has >95% specificity and sensitivity and test is less time consuming (10 to 15 minutes) and less costly (INR 200 to INR 500).
Highlights
There are so many causes due to which myocardium damage occurs in animals like infectious diseases, toxic chemicals and drugs, nutritional deficiencies, trauma etc
In contrast troponin T & I are ideally suited as serodiagnostic markers for myocardial injury since the heart & extracardiac muscle express distinct isoforms which are encoded by different genes [3]
Minimum serum concentrations of 1.3 ng/ml for Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and 0.35 ng/ml for cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are necessary for myocardial cell injury to be detected histologically [17]
Summary
There are so many causes due to which myocardium damage occurs in animals like infectious diseases, toxic chemicals and drugs, nutritional deficiencies, trauma etc. There are some external tools (cardiac auscultation,radiography, ECG and echocardiography) and some traditional biomarkers (Myoglobin, CK, CK-MB, LDH and SGOT) for routine diagnosis of heart diseases but all of these have some limitations as they do not posses 100% specificity and sensitivity to heart. They increase in other disease condition and they do not able to identify minor myocardial damage. Troponin is a complex of three regulatory proteins that are integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not in smooth muscle. First cTnI was identified in 1987 and later cTnT was identified in 1989 as biomarkers of cardiac cell death [2]
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