Abstract
In recent years, the clinical importance of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has increased dramatically. As a consequence, more clinicians need to become familiar with this imaging modality, including its technical challenges. MR images are obtained through a physical process of proton excitation and the reception of resonating signals. Besides these physical principles, the motion of the heart and diaphragm, together with the presence of fast flowing blood in the vicinity, pose challenges to the acquisition of high-quality diagnostic images and are an important cause of image artefacts. Artefacts may render images non-diagnostic and measurements unreliable, and most artefacts can only be corrected during the acquisition itself. Hence, timely and accurate recognition of the type of artefact is crucial. This paper provides a concise description of the CMR acquisition process and the underlying MR physics for clinical cardiologists and trainees. Frequently observed CMR artefacts are illustrated and possible adjustments to minimise or eliminate these artefacts are explained.
Highlights
This paper provides a concise and practical description of the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) acquisition process and the underlying MR physics for clinical cardiologists and trainees
In sequences used for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, it is important that the excitation pulse is timed when the signal from the healthy myocardium passes the zero point (‘nulled’)
Artefacts can severely degrade the diagnostic quality of CMR images
Summary
An MR system consists of the main magnet, three gradient coils and an integral radiofrequency (RF) transmitter. By gradually altering the strength of the main magnetic field along the gradient axis, the gradient coils are used for slice selection (z axis) and encoding of signals in the frequency (x axis) and phase (y axis) encoding direction. These frequency and phase encoding directions can be. In sequences used for late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging, it is important that the excitation pulse is timed when the signal from the healthy myocardium passes the zero point (‘nulled’). The projected body part may cover the area of interest This artefact is often resolved by increasing the FOVor the number of phase encoding steps (oversampling).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
