Cardiac Anatomy for Electrophysiology

Abstract

This article presents some of the important structures relevant to electrophysiological intervention and mapping. Notable structures within the neighborhood of the heart are the respective courses of the esophagus and phrenic nerves. The right atrium contains the sinus node, terminal crest, and cavotricuspid isthmus. The landmarks of the triangle of Koch are a guide to the location of the atrioventricular node, while the central fibrous body and the membranous septum is a guide to the location of the atrioventricular conduction bundle. The arrangement of the ventricular outlets and attachments of semilunar valvar leaflets, as well as the location of aortic sinuses relative to the atria and left ventricular summit, are presented.